◄ 2372. thumos ►
Lexicon thumos: Wrath, anger, passion, fierceness, indignation Original Word: θυμός Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: thumos Pronunciation: thoo-mos' Phonetic Spelling: (thoo-mos') Definition: Wrath, anger, passion, fierceness, indignation Meaning: an outburst of passion, wrath. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance fierceness, indignation, wrath. From thuo; passion (as if breathing hard) -- fierceness, indignation, wrath. Compare psuche. see GREEK thuo see GREEK psuche HELPS Word-studies 2372 thymós (from thyō, "rush along, getting heated up, breathing violently," cf. J. Thayer) – properly, passion-driven behavior, i.e. actions emerging out of strong impulses (intense emotion). When 2372 /thymós ("expressed passion") is used of people it indicates rage (personal venting of anger, worth). This flaw is completely absent of the Lord expressing (inspiring) intense anger. Accordingly, 2372 (thymós) is used of God's perfect, holy wrath in Revelation (Rev 14:10,19,15:1, etc.). This anger is directed against sin with intense opposition and without sin. [Only the Lord exercises righteous wrath, so we must depend solely on Him as we experience (express) anger.] NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origin from the same as thuella Definition passion NASB Translation angry tempers (1), fierce (2), indignation (1), outbursts of anger (1), passion (2), rage (2), wrath (9). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2372: θυμός θυμός, θυμοῦ, ὁ (from θύω to rush along or on, be in a heat, breathe violently; hence, Plato correctly says, Cratyl., p. 419 e., θυμός ἀπό τῆς θυσεως καί ζεσεως τῆς ψυχῆς; accordingly it signifies both the spirit panting as it were in the body, and the rage with which the man pants and swells) (from Homer down), the Sept. often for אַף anger, and חֵמָה excandescentia; also for חָרון aestus. In the N. T.: 1. passion, angry heat (excandescentia, Cicero, Tusc. 4, 9, 21), anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again (ὀργή, on the other hand, denotes indignation which has arisen gradually and become more settled; (cf. (Plato) deff. 415 e. θυμός. ὁρμή βίαιος ἄνευ λογισμοῦ. νόσος τάξεως ψυχῆς ἀλογιστου. ὀργή. παράκλησις τοῦ θυμικου εἰς τό τιμωρεῖσθαι, Gregory of Nazianzus, carm. 34 θυμός μέν ἐστιν ἀθρως ζεσις φρενος, ὀργή δέ θυμός ἐμμένων, Hermas, mand. 5, 2, 4 [ET] ἐκ δέ τῆς πικρίας θυμός, ἐκ δέ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὀργή; cf. Aristotle, rhet. 2, 2, 1 and Cope's note); hence, we read in Sir. 48:10 κοπάσαι ὀργήν πρό θυμοῦ, before it glows and bursts forth; (see further, on the distinction between the two words, Trench, § xxxvii., and especially Schmidt vol. iii., chapter 142)): Luke 4:28; Acts 19:28; Ephesians 4:31; Colossians 3:8; Hebrews 11:27; ὁ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, Revelation 14:19; Revelation 15:1, 7; Revelation 16:1; ἔχειν θυμόν, to be in a passion, Revelation 12:12 (Aelian v. h. 1, 14); ὀργή καί θυμός (as the Sept. Micah 5:15; Isocrates, p. 249 c.; Herodian, 8, 4, 1; others): Romans 2:8 (Rec. in the inverse order; so Deuteronomy 9:19; Deuteronomy 29:23, 28 (cf. Trench, as above)); plural θυμοί impulses and outbursts of anger (Winers Grammar, 176 (166); Buttmann, 77 (67)): 2 Corinthians 12:20; Galatians 5:20 (2 Macc. 4:25, 38 2Macc. 9:7 2Macc. 10:35 2Macc. 14:45; 4 Macc. 18:20; Wis. 10:3; Sophocles Aj. 718 (where see Lob.); Plato, Protag., p. 323 e.; (Phileb., p. 40 e.; Aristotle, rhet. 2, 13, 13); Polybius 3, 10, 5; Diodorus 13, 28; Josephus, b. j. 4, 5, 2; Plutarch, Cor. 1; others). 2. glow, ardor: ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ (see οἶνος, b.) the wine of passion, inflaming wine, German Glutwein (which either drives the drinker mad or kills him with its deadly heat; cf. Isaiah 51:17, 22; Jeremiah 32:1 (ff): Revelation 14:8; Revelation 18:3; with τοῦ Θεοῦ added, which God gives the drinker, Revelation 14:10; with τῆς ὀργῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ added (A. V. fierceness), Revelation 16:19; Revelation 19:15; cf. Ewald, Johann. Schriften, Bd. ii., p. 269 note. Topical Lexicon Word Origin: Derived from the Greek verb θύω (thyo), meaning "to rush" or "to breathe hard," which conveys the idea of passion or intense emotion. Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: • H639 אַף (aph): Often translated as "anger" or "wrath," this Hebrew word conveys a similar sense of intense emotion or fury. • H2534 חֵמָה (chemah): This term is used to describe heat, rage, or fury, aligning with the passionate intensity of θυμός. • H7110 קֶצֶף (qetseph): Meaning "wrath" or "indignation," it reflects the sudden and fierce nature of θυμός. In summary, θυμός in the New Testament serves as a powerful reminder of the potential destructiveness of human anger and the importance of aligning one's emotions with the righteousness of God. Usage: In the New Testament, θυμός is used to describe intense emotions, particularly those related to anger or wrath. It is often used in contexts where human or divine anger is being expressed or described. Context: • Contextual Overview: In the New Testament, θυμός is frequently used to describe the passionate and sometimes destructive nature of anger. It is distinct from ὀργή (orgē), another Greek word for anger, in that θυμός often implies a more transient and explosive form of anger, whereas ὀργή can denote a more settled or abiding state of wrath. • Theological Significance: The use of θυμός in the New Testament often highlights the human propensity for sudden and intense emotional reactions. It serves as a caution against allowing such emotions to lead to sin. For example, in Ephesians 4:31, believers are admonished to "get rid of all bitterness, rage and anger (θυμός), brawling and slander, along with every form of malice." • Divine Wrath: In the Book of Revelation, θυμός is used to describe the righteous and just wrath of God against sin and rebellion. Revelation 14:10 speaks of those who worship the beast experiencing "the wine of God's wrath (θυμός), which has been poured full strength into the cup of His anger." • Moral and Ethical Implications: The New Testament encourages believers to exercise self-control and to avoid the destructive consequences of unchecked θυμός. James 1:19-20 advises, "Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger (θυμός), for man's anger does not bring about the righteousness that God desires." Forms and Transliterations θυμοι θυμοί θυμον θυμόν θυμὸν θυμος θυμός θυμὸς θυμου θυμού θυμοῦ θυμόυ θυμώ thumoi thumon thumos thumou thymoi thymoí thymon thymón thymòn thymos thymós thymòs thymou thymoû Links Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts Englishman's Concordance Luke 4:28 N-GMS GRK: ἐπλήσθησαν πάντες θυμοῦ ἐν τῇ NAS: were filled with rage as they heard KJV: these things, were filled with wrath, INT: were filled all with anger in the Acts 19:28 N-GMS GRK: γενόμενοι πλήρεις θυμοῦ ἔκραζον λέγοντες NAS: [this] and were filled with rage, they [began] crying KJV: full of wrath, and INT: having become full of anger they cried out saying Romans 2:8 N-NMS GRK: ὀργὴ καὶ θυμός NAS: wrath and indignation. KJV: unrighteousness, indignation and INT: wrath and anger 2 Corinthians 12:20 N-NMP GRK: ἔρις ζῆλος θυμοί ἐριθείαι καταλαλιαί NAS: jealousy, angry tempers, disputes, KJV: envyings, wraths, strifes, INT: quarrels jealousies anger contentions slander Galatians 5:20 N-NMP GRK: ἔρις ζῆλος θυμοί ἐριθείαι διχοστασίαι NAS: jealousy, outbursts of anger, disputes, KJV: emulations, wrath, strife, INT: strife jealousy fits of rage contentions dissentions Ephesians 4:31 N-NMS GRK: πικρία καὶ θυμὸς καὶ ὀργὴ NAS: bitterness and wrath and anger KJV: bitterness, and wrath, and anger, INT: bitterness and anger and wrath Colossians 3:8 N-AMS GRK: πάντα ὀργήν θυμόν κακίαν βλασφημίαν NAS: aside: anger, wrath, malice, slander, KJV: anger, wrath, malice, INT: all [these] things anger rage malice slander Hebrews 11:27 N-AMS GRK: φοβηθεὶς τὸν θυμὸν τοῦ βασιλέως NAS: not fearing the wrath of the king; KJV: not fearing the wrath of the king: for INT: having feared the anger of the king Revelation 12:12 N-AMS GRK: ὑμᾶς ἔχων θυμὸν μέγαν εἰδὼς NAS: great wrath, knowing KJV: great wrath, because he knoweth INT: you having fury great knowing Revelation 14:8 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας NAS: of the wine of the passion of her immorality. KJV: the wine of the wrath of her INT: wine of the fury of the immorality Revelation 14:10 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: of the wine of the wrath of God, KJV: of the wine of the wrath of God, which INT: wine of the fury of God Revelation 14:19 N-GMS GRK: ληνὸν τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: wine press of the wrath of God. KJV: winepress of the wrath of God. INT: wine-press of the wrath of God Revelation 15:1 N-NMS GRK: ἐτελέσθη ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: because in them the wrath of God KJV: them is filled up the wrath of God. INT: was completed the wrath of God Revelation 15:7 N-GMS GRK: γεμούσας τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: full of the wrath of God, KJV: vials full of the wrath of God, who INT: full of the wrath of God Revelation 16:1 N-GMS GRK: φιάλας τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ NAS: the seven bowls of the wrath of God. KJV: the vials of the wrath of God INT: bowls of the fury of God Revelation 16:19 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς NAS: of the wine of His fierce wrath. KJV: of the wine of the fierceness of his INT: wine of the fury the wrath Revelation 18:3 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας NAS: of the wine of the passion of her immorality, KJV: the wine of the wrath of her INT: wine of the fury of the sexual immorality Revelation 19:15 N-GMS GRK: οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς ὀργῆς NAS: press of the fierce wrath KJV: the winepress of the fierceness and INT: wine of the fury of the wrath Strong's Greek 2372 18 Occurrences θυμοί — 2 Occ. θυμόν — 3 Occ. θυμός — 3 Occ. θυμοῦ — 10 Occ.