1 Kings 21:10
But seat two scoundrels opposite him and have them testify, 'You have cursed both God and the king!' Then take him out and stone him to death."
But seat two scoundrels opposite him

Jezebel’s plot followed the legal requirement that a charge be confirmed by two witnesses. She enlisted corrupt men who would publicly support a false accusation against Naboth, giving the appearance of a lawful hearing.

Deu 19:15 A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing…
Mat 26:60 But they did not find any, though many false witnesses…
Mrk 14:57-58 Then some men stood up and testified falsely against Him:…

and have them testify,

Witnesses bore serious responsibility before God and the community, yet Jezebel turned the court into an instrument of murder. The elders and nobles of Naboth’s city participated by carrying out her written orders.

Deu 19:16-19 If a false witness testifies against someone,…
Act 6:13 where they presented false witnesses who said…
Exo 23:1 You shall not spread a false report. Do not join…

‘You have cursed both God and the king!’

The charges combined blasphemy and treason, offenses punishable by death. By accusing Naboth of dishonoring both God and Ahab, the conspirators ensured that religious and civil authority would stand against him.

Exo 22:28 You must not blaspheme God or curse the ruler…
Lev 24:15-16 And you are to tell the Israelites, ‘If anyone curses…
2Sa 16:7-8 And as he yelled curses, Shimei said, “Get out…

Then take him out and stone him to death.”

Naboth was taken outside the city and executed as though he were guilty under the Law. His death enabled Ahab to seize the vineyard Jezebel desired, exposing the injustice and violence at the heart of their rule.

Lev 24:14 Take the blasphemer outside the camp…
Deu 17:6-7 On the testimony of two or three witnesses…
Act 7:58 They dragged him out of the city and began to stone him.…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Naboth
A Jezreelite who owned a vineyard that King Ahab desired. His refusal to sell his inheritance led to a plot against him.

2. Jezebel
The wife of King Ahab, known for her idolatry and manipulation. She orchestrated the false accusation and execution of Naboth.

3. Ahab
The King of Israel, who coveted Naboth's vineyard and allowed Jezebel to carry out her wicked plan.

4. Scoundrels
Two worthless men who were bribed to falsely accuse Naboth of blasphemy and treason.

5. Jezreel
The location of Naboth's vineyard and the setting for this tragic event.
Teaching Points
The Dangers of Covetousness
Ahab's desire for Naboth's vineyard led to grave sin. Covetousness can lead to destructive actions and should be guarded against.

The Power of Influence
Jezebel's influence over Ahab shows how ungodly counsel can lead to sin. We must be cautious about who influences our decisions.

The Consequences of Injustice
The false accusation and murder of Naboth highlight the severe consequences of injustice. God calls us to uphold truth and justice.

The Role of Integrity
Naboth's refusal to sell his inheritance demonstrates integrity and faithfulness to God's laws. We should strive to maintain integrity even under pressure.

God's Justice Prevails
Although Naboth suffered injustice, God's justice ultimately prevailed, as seen in the subsequent judgment on Ahab and Jezebel. Trust in God's ultimate justice.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the account of Naboth's vineyard illustrate the dangers of covetousness, and how can we guard our hearts against it?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are not influenced by ungodly counsel, as Ahab was by Jezebel?

3. How does the false accusation against Naboth compare to other instances of false testimony in the Bible, and what can we learn from these comparisons?

4. What steps can we take to uphold truth and justice in our communities, especially when faced with situations of potential injustice?

5. How can we find comfort in God's ultimate justice when we or others face injustice in this world?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 20:16
This verse, part of the Ten Commandments, forbids bearing false witness, directly relating to the false testimony against Naboth.

Deuteronomy 19:15-21
Discusses the law regarding witnesses and the punishment for false testimony, highlighting the injustice done to Naboth.

Proverbs 6:16-19
Lists things the Lord hates, including a lying tongue and a false witness, which are evident in this account.

Matthew 26:59-61
The false witnesses against Jesus during His trial echo the false accusations against Naboth, showing a pattern of injustice against the innocent.
The Progress of SinA. Rowland 1 Kings 21:1-24
Ahab's Garden of HerbsG. T. Coster.1 Kings 21:2-16
In Naboth's VineyardA. Moorhouse, M. A.1 Kings 21:2-16
Mastery of Self1 Kings 21:2-16
Naboth's VineyardC. S. Horne, M. A.1 Kings 21:2-16
Naboth's VineyardJ. Parker, D. D.1 Kings 21:2-16
Naboth's Vineyard and Ahab's CovetousnessG. E. Merrill.1 Kings 21:2-16
Our Desires May Undo UsThomas Wilde.1 Kings 21:2-16
The Discontented ManC H. Spurgeon.1 Kings 21:2-16
The Story of Naboth's VineyardT. B. Stephenson, D. D. , LL. D.1 Kings 21:2-16
Voices from Naboth's VineyardJ. R. Macduff, D. D.1 Kings 21:2-16
A Sinful NationJ.A. Macdonald 1 Kings 21:5-14
Sin's Friendships, and What They Lead toJ. Urquhart 1 Kings 21:5-14
People
Ahab, Ahijah, Amorites, Baasha, Elijah, Jeroboam, Jezebel, Jezreel, Melech, Naboth, Nebat
Places
Jezreel, Samaria
Topics
Base, Bear, Belial, Blaspheme, Blessed, Bring, Carry, Cause, Charge, Curse, Cursed, Cursing, Death, Die, Dieth, Fellows, Good-for-nothing, Hast, Melech, Opposite, Over-against, Persons, Saying, Scoundrels, Seat, Sit, Sons, Stone, Stoned, Testify, Witness, Worthless, Worthlessness
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Kings 21:10

     4121   Satan, enemy of God
     8243   ethics, social
     8796   persecution, forms of

1 Kings 21:1-13

     4366   stones

1 Kings 21:1-14

     5550   speech, negative
     5951   slander

1 Kings 21:1-16

     5714   men
     6710   privileges

1 Kings 21:1-19

     4538   vineyard
     5440   perjury

1 Kings 21:1-25

     5745   women

1 Kings 21:2-16

     8716   dishonesty, examples

1 Kings 21:7-13

     5969   treachery

1 Kings 21:7-14

     5202   accusation, false

1 Kings 21:8-10

     5348   injustice, nature and source
     5798   betrayal
     8841   unfaithfulness, to people

1 Kings 21:8-11

     5638   writing

1 Kings 21:8-13

     5201   accusation
     5625   witnesses, false

1 Kings 21:8-14

     7719   elders, as leaders

1 Kings 21:9-10

     5463   proclamations

1 Kings 21:9-13

     5800   blasphemy

1 Kings 21:10-13

     5896   irreverence

Library
Ahab and Elijah
'And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy!'--1 KINGS xxi. 20. The keynote of Elijah's character is force-the force of righteousness. The New Testament, you remember, speaks of the 'power of Elias.' The outward appearance of the man corresponds to his function and his character. Gaunt and sinewy, dwelling in the desert, feeding on locusts and wild honey, with a girdle of camel's skin about his loins, he bursts into the history, amongst all that corrupt state of society, with the
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Elijah
(Tenth Sunday after Trinity.) 1 Kings xxi. 19, 20. And thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the Lord, Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? and thou shalt speak unto him, saying, Thus saith the Lord, In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth, shall dogs lick thy blood, even thine. And Ahab said to Elijah, Hast thou found me, O mine enemy? And he answered, I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the Lord. Of all the grand personages
Charles Kingsley—Town and Country Sermons

Whether all Dissimulation is a Sin?
Objection 1: It seems that not all dissimulation is a sin. For it is written (Lk. 24:28) that our Lord "pretended [Douay: 'made as though'] he would go farther"; and Ambrose in his book on the Patriarchs (De Abraham i) says of Abraham that he "spoke craftily to his servants, when he said" (Gn. 22:5): "I and the boy will go with speed as far as yonder, and after we have worshipped, will return to you." Now to pretend and to speak craftily savor of dissimulation: and yet it is not to be said that there
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Touching Jacob, However, that which He did at his Mother's Bidding...
24. Touching Jacob, however, that which he did at his mother's bidding, so as to seem to deceive his father, if with diligence and in faith it be attended to, is no lie, but a mystery. The which if we shall call lies, all parables also, and figures designed for the signifying of any things soever, which are not to be taken according to their proper meaning, but in them is one thing to be understood from another, shall be said to be lies: which be far from us altogether. For he who thinks this, may
St. Augustine—Against Lying

Blessed are they that Mourn
Blessed are they that mourn. Matthew 5:4 Here are eight steps leading to true blessedness. They may be compared to Jacob's Ladder, the top whereof reached to heaven. We have already gone over one step, and now let us proceed to the second: Blessed are they that mourn'. We must go through the valley of tears to paradise. Mourning were a sad and unpleasant subject to treat on, were it not that it has blessedness going before, and comfort coming after. Mourning is put here for repentance. It implies
Thomas Watson—The Beatitudes: An Exposition of Matthew 5:1-12

Repentance
Then has God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life.' Acts 11: 18. Repentance seems to be a bitter pill to take, but it is to purge out the bad humour of sin. By some Antinomian spirits it is cried down as a legal doctrine; but Christ himself preached it. From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent,' &c. Matt 4: 17. In his last farewell, when he was ascending to heaven, he commanded that Repentance should be preached in his name.' Luke 24: 47. Repentance is a pure gospel grace.
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

Of Antichrist, and his Ruin: and of the Slaying the Witnesses.
BY JOHN BUNYAN PREFATORY REMARKS BY THE EDITOR This important treatise was prepared for the press, and left by the author, at his decease, to the care of his surviving friend for publication. It first appeared in a collection of his works in folio, 1692; and although a subject of universal interest; most admirably elucidated; no edition has been published in a separate form. Antichrist has agitated the Christian world from the earliest ages; and his craft has been to mislead the thoughtless, by
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

Kings
The book[1] of Kings is strikingly unlike any modern historical narrative. Its comparative brevity, its curious perspective, and-with some brilliant exceptions--its relative monotony, are obvious to the most cursory perusal, and to understand these things is, in large measure, to understand the book. It covers a period of no less than four centuries. Beginning with the death of David and the accession of Solomon (1 Kings i., ii.) it traverses his reign with considerable fulness (1 Kings iii.-xi.),
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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