New International Version Because the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb, her rival kept provoking her in order to irritate her. New Living Translation So Peninnah would taunt Hannah and make fun of her because the LORD had kept her from having children. English Standard Version And her rival used to provoke her grievously to irritate her, because the LORD had closed her womb. Berean Standard Bible Because the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb, her rival would provoke her viciously to taunt her. Berean Literal Bible And her rival also provoked her severely to make her miserable, because YHWH had shut up her womb. King James Bible And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb. New King James Version And her rival also provoked her severely, to make her miserable, because the LORD had closed her womb. New American Standard Bible Her rival, moreover, would provoke her bitterly to irritate her, because the LORD had closed her womb. NASB 1995 Her rival, however, would provoke her bitterly to irritate her, because the LORD had closed her womb. NASB 1977 Her rival, however, would provoke her bitterly to irritate her, because the LORD had closed her womb. Legacy Standard Bible Her rival, however, would provoke her bitterly to irritate her because Yahweh had closed her womb. Amplified Bible Hannah’s rival provoked her bitterly, to irritate and embarrass her, because the LORD had left her childless. Berean Annotated Bible Because the LORD {YHWH} had closed Hannah’s womb, her rival would provoke her viciously to taunt her. Christian Standard Bible Her rival would taunt her severely just to provoke her, because the LORD had kept Hannah from conceiving. Holman Christian Standard Bible Her rival would taunt her severely just to provoke her, because the LORD had kept Hannah from conceiving. American Standard Version And her rival provoked her sore, to make her fret, because Jehovah had shut up her womb. Contemporary English Version Peninnah liked to make Hannah feel miserable about not having any children, English Revised Version And her rival provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb. GOD'S WORD® Translation Because the LORD had made her unable to have children, her rival [Peninnah] tormented her endlessly in order to make her miserable. Good News Translation Peninnah, her rival, would torment and humiliate her, because the LORD had kept her childless. International Standard Version Her rival would provoke her severely so that she complained loudly because the LORD had closed her womb. NET Bible Her rival wife used to upset her and make her worry, for the LORD had not enabled her to have children. New Heart English Bible And because the LORD kept her from conceiving, her rival used to taunt her severely, to irritate her. Webster's Bible Translation And her adversary also provoked her greatly, to make her fret, because the LORD had made her barren. Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleBecause the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb, her rival would provoke her viciously to taunt her. World English Bible Her rival provoked her severely, to irritate her, because Yahweh had shut up her womb. Literal Translations Literal Standard Versionand her rival has also provoked her greatly, so as to make her tremble, for YHWH has shut up her womb. Berean Literal Bible And her rival also provoked her severely to make her miserable, because YHWH had shut up her womb. Young's Literal Translation and her adversity hath also provoked her greatly, so as to make her tremble, for Jehovah hath shut up her womb. Smith's Literal Translation Being grieved, her distress grieved her so that she was moved because Jehovah shut up about her womb. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleHer rival also afflicted her, and troubled her exceedingly, insomuch that she upbraided her, that the Lord had shut up her womb: Catholic Public Domain Version And her rival afflicted her and vehemently distressed her, to a great extent, for she rebuked her that the Lord had closed her womb. New American Bible Her rival, to upset her, would torment her constantly, since the LORD had closed her womb. New Revised Standard Version Her rival used to provoke her severely, to irritate her, because the LORD had closed her womb. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleAnd her rival also taunted her sorely to make her fret because the LORD had shut up her womb. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And his rival wife was provoking her also to anger, so that she would grieve her because LORD JEHOVAH had shut in the face of her womb OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917And her rival vexed her sore, to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb. Brenton Septuagint Translation For the Lord gave her no child in her affliction, and according to the despondency of her affliction; and she was dispirited on this account, that the Lord shut up her womb so as not to give her a child. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible (Voice ▾ Musical ▾) Context Elkanah and His Wives…5But to Hannah he would give a double portion, for he loved her even though the LORD had closed her womb. 6Because the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb, her rival would provoke her and taunt her viciously. 7And this went on year after year. Whenever Hannah went up to the house of the LORD, her rival taunted her until she wept and would not eat.… Cross References Because the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb, Genesis 20:18 for on account of Abraham’s wife Sarah, the LORD had completely closed all the wombs in Abimelech’s household. Genesis 16:2 So Sarai said to Abram, “Look now, the LORD has prevented me from bearing children. Please go to my maidservant; perhaps I can build a family by her.” And Abram listened to the voice of Sarai. Genesis 30:2 Jacob became angry with Rachel and said, “Am I in the place of God, who has withheld children from you?” her rival would provoke her viciously Genesis 16:4-5 And he slept with Hagar, and she conceived. But when Hagar realized that she was pregnant, she began to despise her mistress. / Then Sarai said to Abram, “May the wrong done to me be upon you! I delivered my servant into your arms, and ever since she saw that she was pregnant, she has treated me with contempt. May the LORD judge between you and me.” Genesis 30:1-2 When Rachel saw that she was not bearing any children for Jacob, she envied her sister. “Give me children, or I will die!” she said to Jacob. / Jacob became angry with Rachel and said, “Am I in the place of God, who has withheld children from you?” Galatians 4:29 At that time, however, the son born by the flesh persecuted the son born by the Spirit. It is the same now. to taunt her. Psalm 42:10 Like the crushing of my bones, my enemies taunt me, while they say to me all day long, “Where is your God?” Lamentations 3:14 I am a laughingstock to all my people; they mock me in song all day long. Psalm 79:12 Pay back into the laps of our neighbors sevenfold the reproach they hurled at You, O Lord. Genesis 29:31 When the LORD saw that Leah was unloved, He opened her womb; but Rachel was barren. Genesis 30:22-23 Then God remembered Rachel. He listened to her and opened her womb, / and she conceived and gave birth to a son. “God has taken away my shame,” she said. Deuteronomy 7:14 You will be blessed above all peoples; among you there will be no barren man or woman or livestock. Judges 13:2-3 Now there was a man from Zorah named Manoah, from the clan of the Danites, whose wife was barren and had no children. / The angel of the LORD appeared to the woman and said to her, “It is true that you are barren and have no children; but you will conceive and give birth to a son. Psalm 113:9 He settles the barren woman in her home as a joyful mother to her children. Hallelujah! Psalm 127:3 Children are indeed a heritage from the LORD, and the fruit of the womb is His reward. Psalm 128:3 Your wife will be like a fruitful vine flourishing within your house, your sons like olive shoots sitting around your table. Treasury of Scripture And her adversary also provoked her sore, for to make her fret, because the LORD had shut up her womb. adversary Leviticus 18:18 Neither shalt thou take a wife to her sister, to vex her, to uncover her nakedness, beside the other in her life time. Job 6:14 To him that is afflicted pity should be shewed from his friend; but he forsaketh the fear of the Almighty. provoked her [heb] angered her Jump to Previous Adversary Adversity Barren Bitterly Closed However Irritate Kept Order Possible Provoke Provoked Provoking Rival Shut Sore Sorely Tremble Used Vexed Wife WombJump to Next Adversary Adversity Barren Bitterly Closed However Irritate Kept Order Possible Provoke Provoked Provoking Rival Shut Sore Sorely Tremble Used Vexed Wife Womb1 Samuel 1 1. Elkanah, a Levite, having two wives, worships yearly at Shiloh4. He cherishes Hannah, though barren, and provoked by Peninnah 9. Hannah in grief prays for a child 12. Eli first rebuking her, afterwards blesses her 19. Hannah, having born Samuel, stays at home till he is weaned 24. She presents him, according to her vow, to the Lord Because the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb, Hannah’s barrenness lay under God’s sovereign control and formed the setting for His later answer to her prayer. In a culture where children secured a woman’s standing in the household, her condition brought deep grief and public shame. Gen 20:18 for on account of Abraham’s wife Sarah, the LORD… her rival would provoke her viciously Peninnah, Elkanah’s other wife, had children and used Hannah’s sorrow to elevate herself within the family. The divided household intensified Hannah’s suffering rather than providing comfort. Gen 16:4-5 And he slept with Hagar, and she conceived.… to taunt her. Peninnah’s repeated cruelty drove Hannah to weep and seek the LORD at Shiloh. God would answer her prayer by giving her Samuel, who would become Israel’s prophet and judge and anoint Saul and David. Psa 42:10 Like the crushing of my bones, my enemies taunt me…… Persons / Places / Events 1. HannahA devout woman who was deeply loved by her husband Elkanah but was barren. Her account is central to the opening chapters of 1 Samuel. 2. Peninnah Elkanah's other wife, who had children. She is described as Hannah's rival and often provoked Hannah due to her barrenness. 3. Elkanah The husband of both Hannah and Peninnah. He is portrayed as a caring husband, especially towards Hannah. 4. Shiloh The religious center where the tabernacle was located during this period. It is where Elkanah and his family went to worship and sacrifice to the LORD. 5. The LORD The sovereign God of Israel, who, according to the text, had closed Hannah's womb, setting the stage for the events that follow. Teaching Points God's Sovereignty in Our CircumstancesRecognize that God is in control, even in difficult situations. Hannah's barrenness was not outside of God's plan, and He used it for a greater purpose. Responding to Provocation with Faith Hannah's response to Peninnah's taunts was not retaliation but turning to God in prayer. This teaches us to handle adversity with faith and prayer. The Power of Persistent Prayer Hannah's account encourages believers to persist in prayer, trusting that God hears and will respond in His timing. Understanding God's Timing God's timing is perfect, even when it seems delayed. Hannah's eventual blessing of a child came at the right time for God's purposes. Dealing with Rivalry and Jealousy The account highlights the destructive nature of rivalry and jealousy, urging believers to seek peace and understanding in relationships. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 1:6?2. How did Peninnah's actions affect Hannah's faith and trust in God? 3. What can we learn from Hannah's response to provocation in 1 Samuel 1:6? 4. How does 1 Samuel 1:6 relate to Matthew 5:44 about loving enemies? 5. How can we support those facing similar trials as Hannah today? 6. What role does patience play in enduring trials like Hannah's in 1 Samuel 1:6? 7. Why did God allow Hannah to be provoked by her rival in 1 Samuel 1:6? 8. What does 1 Samuel 1:6 reveal about God's role in human suffering? 9. How does 1 Samuel 1:6 challenge our understanding of divine justice? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from 1 Samuel 1? (6) And her adversary also provoked her sore.--Jealousy, grief, anger, malice, the many bitter fruits of this way of living, so different to God's original appointment, here show themselves. The one sin of polygamy poisons the whole home life of the family, in all other respects apparently a quiet, Godfearing, orderly household.Verses 6, 7, 8. - Her adversary also provoked her sore. The pleasure of this domestic festival was spoiled by the discord of the wives. Peninnah, triumphant in her fruitfulness, is yet Hannah's adversary, because, in spite of her barrenness, she has the larger portion of the husband's love; while Hannah is so sorely vexed at the taunts of her rival, that she weeps from sheer vexation. In vain Elkanah tries to give her comfort. The husband really is not "better than ten sons," for the joy of motherhood is quite distinct from that of conjugal affection, and especially to a Hebrew woman, who had special hopes from which she was cut off by barrenness. In ver. 7 there is a strange confusion of subject, owing to the first verb having been read as an active instead of a passive. It should be, "And so it happened year by year: when she (Hannah) went up to the house of Jehovah she (Peninnah) thus provoked her, and she wept and did not eat." It must be remembered that the Hebrews had no written vowels, but only consonants; the vowels were added in Christian times, many centuries after the coming of our Lord, and represent the traditional manner of reading of one great Jewish school. They are to be treated with the greatest respect, because as a rule they give us a sense confirmed by the best authorities; but they are human, and form no part of Holy Scripture. The ancient versions, the Septuagint, the Syriac, and the Vulgate, which are all three older than the Masoretic vowels, translate, "And so she (Peninnah) did year by year;" but this requires a slight change of the consonants. 1 Samuel 1:6 shows God’s sovereign hand in Hannah’s barrenness, the human cruelty that often accompanies envy, and the depth of Hannah’s trial. The Lord’s purposeful delay sets the stage for a miraculous birth and a national deliverer, reminding us that His timing and plans, though sometimes painful, are always perfect and redemptive. Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew Becauseכִּֽי־ (kî-) Conjunction Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction the LORD יְהוָ֖ה (Yah·weh) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel had closed סָגַ֥ר (sā·ḡar) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 5462: To shut up, to surrender [Hannah's] womb, רַחְמָֽהּ׃ (raḥ·māh) Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular Strong's 7358: The womb her rival צָֽרָתָהּ֙ (ṣā·rā·ṯāh) Noun - feminine singular construct | third person feminine singular Strong's 6869: Tightness, a female rival would provoke her הַרְּעִמָ֑הּ (har·rə·‘i·māh) Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct | third person feminine singular Strong's 7481: To tumble, be violently agitated, to crash, to irritate and taunt her וְכִֽעֲסַ֤תָּה (wə·ḵi·‘ă·sat·tāh) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular | third person feminine singular Strong's 3707: To trouble, to grieve, rage, be indignant severely. כַּ֔עַס (ka·‘as) Noun - masculine singular Strong's 3708: Vexation, anger Additonal Resources 1 Samuel 1:6 Blue Letter Bible1 Samuel 1:6 Bible Gateway 1 Samuel 1:6 Bible.com 1 Samuel 1:6 NIV |
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