1 Thessalonians 2:15
who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and drove us out as well. They are displeasing to God and hostile to all men,
who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets

Israel’s history records repeated rejection of God’s messengers, from persecuted prophets to the rejection of Jesus, the promised Messiah. Jerusalem’s leaders delivered Jesus to Pilate, and Roman authority carried out the crucifixion; yet Christ’s death also fulfilled God’s redemptive purpose foretold in Isaiah 53. Paul does not indict every Jewish person, for he himself was Jewish and deeply loved his people (Romans 9:1–5); he condemns those opponents who persisted in resisting God’s revealed salvation.

Act 7:52 Which of the prophets did your fathers fail to persecute?…
Act 2:23 He was delivered up by God’s set plan and foreknowledge,…
Mat 23:31-37 So you testify against yourselves that you are…

and drove us out as well.

Paul and his companions endured expulsion and violence as they proclaimed Christ. Opposition in Thessalonica forced Paul and Silas to depart quickly (Acts 17:5–10), yet persecution could not silence the gospel or prevent the growth of the church.

Act 13:50 The Jews, however, incited the religious women…
Act 14:19 Then some Jews arrived from Antioch and Iconium…
Mat 10:23 When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next.…

They are displeasing to God

Rejection of God’s Son and hostility toward His servants reveal rebellion against God Himself. Religious zeal, heritage, and outward devotion cannot please God when they are joined to unbelief and resistance to His will.

Rom 8:8 Those controlled by the flesh cannot please God.
Psa 5:4-5 You are not a God who delights in wickedness;…
Pro 15:8 The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable…

and hostile to all men,

Their opposition was directed especially against the mission to the Gentiles, seeking to prevent people from hearing the message that brings salvation (1 Thessalonians 2:16). The gospel is God’s offer of mercy to every nation, and efforts to suppress it oppose the spiritual good of all people.

Act 28:22 But we consider your views worth hearing,…
Act 14:2 But the unbelieving Jews stirred up the Gentiles…
Act 13:45-46 But when the Jews saw the crowds, they were filled…

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Lord Jesus
Central figure of Christianity, whose crucifixion is referenced here as a pivotal event in salvation history.

2. The Prophets
Refers to the Old Testament prophets who were often persecuted and killed for delivering God's messages.

3. Paul and His Companions
The apostles, including Paul, who faced persecution and were driven out by those opposed to their message.

4. The Jewish Leaders
Those who opposed Jesus and the early Christian message, often seen as responsible for the persecution of prophets and apostles.

5. Thessalonica
The city where the Thessalonian church was located, and where Paul faced opposition during his missionary journey.
Teaching Points
Persecution of God's Messengers
Throughout history, God's messengers have faced persecution. This should not surprise us, as it is a pattern seen in both the Old and New Testaments.

Faithfulness in the Face of Opposition
Like Paul and the prophets, believers are called to remain faithful even when facing hostility. Our commitment to the truth should not waver due to external pressures.

Understanding Hostility
Recognize that hostility towards the Gospel is often rooted in spiritual opposition. This understanding can help us respond with grace and perseverance.

God's Displeasure with Hostility
The passage reminds us that those who oppose God's work are displeasing to Him. This should encourage us to align ourselves with God's purposes and not be swayed by societal pressures.

The Role of Suffering in the Christian Life
Suffering for the sake of the Gospel is part of the Christian experience. It can serve to strengthen our faith and witness to others.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the historical persecution of prophets and apostles inform our understanding of current opposition to the Gospel?

2. In what ways can we remain faithful to our calling in the face of hostility, as Paul and his companions did?

3. How can understanding the spiritual roots of hostility help us respond to opposition with grace?

4. What are some practical ways we can align ourselves with God's purposes, especially when facing societal pressures?

5. How can the experiences of suffering for the Gospel strengthen our faith and witness to others, according to other scriptures like Romans 5:3-5?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Acts 7:52
Stephen's speech before his martyrdom, where he accuses the Jewish leaders of betraying and murdering the prophets, similar to Paul's accusation in 1 Thessalonians 2:15.

Matthew 23:37
Jesus laments over Jerusalem, highlighting the city's history of killing prophets, which aligns with Paul's statement.

John 15:18-21
Jesus warns His disciples about the world's hatred, which connects to the hostility Paul and his companions faced.

Hebrews 11:36-38
Describes the persecution of prophets and faithful believers, echoing the suffering mentioned in 1 Thessalonians 2:15.

Romans 11:3
Paul references Elijah's complaint about Israel killing the prophets, showing a historical pattern of opposition to God's messengers.
Response of the Thessalonians to the Proclamation of the Gospel by Paul and His CompanionsR. Finlayson 1 Thessalonians 2:13-16
The Effects of the GospelB.C. Caffin 1 Thessalonians 2:13-16
The Evidence of the Effectual Working of the Divine WordT. Croskery 1 Thessalonians 2:14-16
Guilty of the Death of Christ1 Thessalonians 2:15-16
Paul's Indictment of the JewsJ. Hutchison, D. D.1 Thessalonians 2:15-16
Severity Consistent with BenevolenceDr. J. Buchanan.1 Thessalonians 2:15-16
The Fury of the Old Religion Against the NewG. Barlow.1 Thessalonians 2:15-16
The Jews Under the Wrath of God1 Thessalonians 2:15-16
People
Paul, Thessalonians
Places
Judea, Philippi, Thessalonica
Topics
Contrary, Death, Didn't, Displease, Displeasing, Driven, Driving, Drove, Enemies, Hostile, Jewish, Killed, Mankind, Midst, Oppose, Persecute, Persecuted, Persecution, Persecutors, Please, Pleased, Pleasing, Prophets, Slain, Unpleasing, Violently
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Thessalonians 2:4-15

     7775   prophets, lives

1 Thessalonians 2:13-16

     8795   persecution, nature of

1 Thessalonians 2:14-15

     2339   Christ, example of
     2525   Christ, cross of
     5564   suffering, of Christ

1 Thessalonians 2:14-16

     2426   gospel, responses
     5493   retribution
     6155   fall, of Adam and Eve

Library
The Bible
THE WORD OF GOD "When ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of man, but as it is in truth, the word of God." (1 Thessalonians 2:13.) THE Apostle here testifies that he believes himself to be the bearer of a revelation direct from God; that the words he speaks and the words he writes are not the words of man, but the Word of God, warm with his breath, filled with his thoughts, and stamped with his will. In this same epistle he writes: "For this we say unto
I. M. Haldeman—Christ, Christianity and the Bible

Thessalonica and Berea
'Now, when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where was a synagogue of the Jews: 2. And Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them, and three sabbath- days reasoned with them out of the scriptures, 3. Opening and alleging, that Christ must needs have suffered, and risen again from the dead; and that this Jesus, whom I preach unto you, is Christ. 4. And some of them believed, and consorted with Paul and Silas; and of the devout Greeks a great multitude, and
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

The Calling of the Regenerate:
"Whom He did predestinate, them He also called."--Rom. viii. 30. In order to hear, the sinner, deaf by nature, must receive hearing ears. "He that hath ears let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches." (Rev. ii. 7, 11, 17, 29; iii. 6, 13, 22). But by nature the sinner does not belong to these favored ones. This is a daily experience. Of two clerks in the same office, one obeys the call and the other rejects it; not because he despises it, but because he does not hear God's call in it. Hence
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

The Protevangelium.
As the mission of Christ was rendered necessary by the fall of man, so the first dark intimation of Him was given immediately after the fall. It is found in the sentence of punishment which was passed upon the tempter. Gen. iii. 14, 15. A correct understanding of it, however, can be obtained only after we have ascertained who the tempter was. It is, in the first place, unquestionable that a real serpent was engaged in the temptation; so that the opinion of those who maintain that the serpent is only
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Effectual Calling
'Them he also called.' Rom 8:80. Q-xxxi: WHAT IS EFFECTUAL CALLING? A: It is a gracious work of the Spirit, whereby he causes us to embrace Christ freely, as he is offered to us in the gospel. In this verse is the golden chain of salvation, made up of four links, of which one is vocation. Them he also called.' Calling is nova creatio, a new creation,' the first resurrection. There is a two-fold call: (1.) An outward call: (2.) An inward call. (1.) An outward call, which is God's offer of grace to
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

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