Lexical Summary tolmétés: Bold person, daring person Original Word: τολμητής Strong's Exhaustive Concordance presumptuous. From tolmao; a daring (audacious) man -- presumptuous. see GREEK tolmao HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 5113 tolmētḗs – literally, darers, very bold people who foolishly ignore what should make them afraid, i.e. as they blatantly (boldly) practice their vile, disrespectful acts. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom tolmaó Definition a bold, daring man NASB Translation Daring (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 5113: τολμητήςτολμητής, τολμητου, ὁ (τολμάω), a daring man: 2 Peter 2:10. (Thucydides 1, 70; Josephus, b. j. 3, 10, 2; Philo de Joseph., § 38, Plutarch, Lucian). Topical Lexicon Definition and Nuanced Meaning Strong’s Greek 5113 portrays a kind of audacious daring that disregards proper limits and authority. It is not the courageous, Spirit-empowered confidence celebrated elsewhere in Scripture, but a rash boldness rooted in self-will. Biblical Occurrence 2 Peter 2:10 supplies the lone New Testament instance: “Bold and arrogant, these men are not afraid to slander glorious beings” (Berean Standard Bible). The term characterizes false teachers who indulge fleshly desires and despise lordship. Context within 2 Peter 2 Peter exposes itinerant teachers who distorted apostolic doctrine. Their “daring” (Greek 5113) manifests in three ways: 1. Moral license—pursuing “the corrupt desire of the flesh.” Peter’s portrayal stands in purposeful contrast to the humble service commanded of shepherds (1 Peter 5:2-3). Theological Significance 1. Sin of Presumption: Scripture consistently condemns presumption (Numbers 15:30-31; Psalm 19:13). Greek 5113 epitomizes that spirit—acting without reverence for God’s ordained boundaries. Contrast with Godly Boldness • Godly boldness (parrēsia) is Spirit-wrought and submissive to Christ: “When they saw the boldness of Peter and John… they marveled” (Acts 4:13). Historical Perspective In Greco-Roman culture, valor (andreia) was applauded, yet even pagan ethics frowned on hubris toward celestial powers. Peter leverages this cultural backdrop: the false teachers’ behavior is repugnant not only to Christian morality but also to common moral sense. Pastoral and Ministry Application 1. Discernment: Congregations must test teachers by their fruit (Matthew 7:16) and attitude toward authority. Practical Warning for the Contemporary Church Modern platforms can amplify personalities that mimic the arrogance of 2 Peter 2:10. Churches should: Summary Greek 5113 captures a perilous boldness, distinguished by contempt for divine and human authority. Its single New Testament appearance serves as a sober reminder that true courage submits to God, while reckless audacity invites judgment. Forms and Transliterations τολμηται τολμηταί τολύπην τομή τομής τομίδας τόμον tolmetai tolmetaí tolmētai tolmētaíLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts |
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