New International Version Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab and all who live in the wilderness in distant places. For all these nations are really uncircumcised, and even the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.” New Living Translation the Egyptians, Edomites, Ammonites, Moabites, the people who live in the desert in remote places, and yes, even the people of Judah. And like all these pagan nations, the people of Israel also have uncircumcised hearts.” English Standard Version Egypt, Judah, Edom, the sons of Ammon, Moab, and all who dwell in the desert who cut the corners of their hair, for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart.” Berean Standard Bible Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair of their temples. For all these nations are uncircumcised, and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.” Berean Literal Bible upon Egypt, and upon Judah, and upon Edom, and upon the sons of Ammon, and upon Moab, and upon all those cutting off a corner, those dwelling in the desert; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. King James Bible Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. New King James Version Egypt, Judah, Edom, the people of Ammon, Moab, and all who are in the farthest corners, who dwell in the wilderness. For all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart.” New American Standard Bible Egypt, Judah, Edom, the sons of Ammon, Moab, and all those inhabiting the desert who trim the hair on their temples; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.” NASB 1995 Egypt and Judah, and Edom and the sons of Ammon, and Moab and all those inhabiting the desert who clip the hair on their temples; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.” NASB 1977 Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the sons of Ammon, and Moab, and all those inhabiting the desert who clip the hair on their temples; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.” Legacy Standard Bible Egypt and Judah, and Edom and the sons of Ammon, and Moab and all those inhabiting the desert who clip the hair on their temples; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised of heart.” Amplified Bible Egypt and Judah, and Edom and the sons of Ammon, and Moab and all those who live in the desert who clip off the hair on their temples; for all these nations are uncircumcised (sinful, impure), and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart.” Berean Annotated Bible Egypt (land of bondage), Judah (praised), Edom (red), Ammon (tribal), Moab (of his father), and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair of their temples. For all these nations are uncircumcised, and the whole house of Israel (he wrestles with God) is uncircumcised in heart.” Christian Standard Bible Egypt, Judah, Edom, the Ammonites, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair on their temples. All these nations are uncircumcised, and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.’ ” Holman Christian Standard Bible Egypt, Judah, Edom, the Ammonites, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair on their temples. All these nations are uncircumcised, and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.” American Standard Version Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that have the corners of their hair cut off, that dwell in the wilderness; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart. English Revised Version Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that have the corners of their hair polled, that dwell in the wilderness: for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart. GOD'S WORD® Translation I will punish Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, and Moab. I will punish all who shave the hair on their foreheads or live in the desert. Even though these nations are circumcised, all Israel has uncircumcised hearts." International Standard Version Egypt, Judah, Edom, the people of Ammon, Moab, all those who live in the desert and shave the corners of their beard; indeed all the other nations that are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel that is uncircumcised of heart." NET Bible That is, I will punish the Egyptians, the Judeans, the Edomites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, and all the desert people who cut their hair short at the temples. I will do so because none of the people of those nations are really circumcised in the LORD's sight. Moreover, none of the people of Israel are circumcised when it comes to their hearts." New Heart English Bible Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the people of Ammon, and Moab, and all that have the corners of their hair cut off, who dwell in the wilderness; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart." Webster's Bible Translation Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleEgypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair of their temples. For all these nations are uncircumcised, and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.” World English Bible Egypt, Judah, Edom, the children of Ammon, Moab, and all who have the corners of their hair cut off, who dwell in the wilderness, for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart.” Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionOn Egypt, and on Judah, and on Edom, "" And on the sons of Ammon, and on Moab, "" And on all cutting the corner [of the beard], "" Who are dwelling in the wilderness, "" For all the nations [are] uncircumcised, "" And all the house of Israel [are] uncircumcised in heart!” Berean Literal Bible upon Egypt, and upon Judah, and upon Edom, and upon the sons of Ammon, and upon Moab, and upon all those cutting off a corner, those dwelling in the desert; for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. Young's Literal Translation On Egypt, and on Judah, and on Edom, And on the sons of Ammon, and on Moab, And on all cutting the corner of the beard, Who are dwelling in the wilderness, For all the nations are uncircumcised, And all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart! Smith's Literal Translation Over Egypt and over Judah and over Edom, and over the sons of Ammon, and over Moab, and over all cut off of the extremity dwelling in the desert: for all the nations being uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel uncircumcised of heart. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleUpon Egypt, and upon Juda, and upon Edom, and upon the children of Ammon, and upon Moab, and upon all that have their hair polled round, that dwell in the desert: for all the nations are uncircumcised in the flesh, but all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. Catholic Public Domain Version upon Egypt, and upon Judah, and upon Edom, and upon the sons of Ammon, and upon Moab, and upon all who have shaved off their hair, living in the desert. For all the nations are uncircumcised in body, but all the house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.” New American Bible Egypt and Judah, Edom and the Ammonites, Moab, and those who live in the wilderness and shave their temples. For all the nations are uncircumcised, even the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised at heart. New Revised Standard Version Egypt, Judah, Edom, the Ammonites, Moab, and all those with shaven temples who live in the desert. For all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleEgyptians and Jews and Edomites, and the children of Ammon and Moab, and all those who cut their beards, who dwell in the wilderness; for all these nations are uncircumcised in their flesh, and all the house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated On Egyptian and upon Jews and upon Edum, and upon children of Amon and upon Moab, and upon all cutting the beard who dwell in the wilderness, because all of the nations are uncircumcised in their flesh, and all of them of the house of Israel are uncircumcised in their heart” OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that have the corners of their hair polled, that dwell in the wilderness; For all the nations are uncircumcised, But all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. Brenton Septuagint Translation on Egypt, and on Idumea, and on Edom, and on the children of Ammon, and on the children of Moab, and on every one that shaves his face round about, even them that dwell in the wilderness; for all the Gentiles are uncircumcised in flesh, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in their hearts. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible (Voice ▾ Musical ▾) Context A Lament over Zion…25“Behold, the days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will punish all who are circumcised yet uncircumcised: 26 Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair of their temples. For all these nations are uncircumcised, and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.” Cross References Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair of their temples. Jeremiah 25:18-24 to make them a ruin, an object of horror and contempt and cursing, as they are to this day—Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, its kings and officials; / Pharaoh king of Egypt, his officials, his leaders, and all his people; / all the mixed tribes; all the kings of Uz; all the kings of the Philistines: Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod; … Deuteronomy 23:3-8 No Ammonite or Moabite or any of their descendants may enter the assembly of the LORD, even to the tenth generation. / For they did not meet you with food and water on your way out of Egypt, and they hired Balaam son of Beor from Pethor in Aram-naharaim to curse you. / Yet the LORD your God would not listen to Balaam, and the LORD your God turned the curse into a blessing for you, because the LORD your God loves you. … Leviticus 19:27 You must not cut off the hair at the sides of your head or clip off the edges of your beard. For all these nations are uncircumcised, Ezekiel 32:19-32 Whom do you surpass in beauty? Go down and be placed with the uncircumcised! / They will fall among those slain by the sword. The sword is appointed! Let them drag her away along with all her multitudes. / Mighty chiefs will speak from the midst of Sheol about Egypt and her allies: ‘They have come down and lie with the uncircumcised, with those slain by the sword.’ … Ezekiel 31:18 Who then is like you in glory and greatness among the trees of Eden? You also will be brought down to the depths of the earth to be with the trees of Eden. You will lie among the uncircumcised, with those slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, declares the Lord GOD.’” Ezekiel 28:10 You will die the death of the uncircumcised at the hands of foreigners. For I have spoken, declares the Lord GOD.” and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.” Leviticus 26:41 and I acted with hostility toward them and brought them into the land of their enemies—and if their uncircumcised hearts will be humbled and they will make amends for their iniquity, Ezekiel 44:7-9 In addition to all your other abominations, you brought in foreigners uncircumcised in both heart and flesh to occupy My sanctuary; you defiled My temple when you offered My food—the fat and the blood; you broke My covenant. / And you have not kept charge of My holy things, but have appointed others to keep charge of My sanctuary for you.’ / This is what the Lord GOD says: No foreigner uncircumcised in heart and flesh may enter My sanctuary—not even a foreigner who lives among the Israelites. Deuteronomy 10:16 Circumcise your hearts, therefore, and stiffen your necks no more. Romans 2:28-29 A man is not a Jew because he is one outwardly, nor is circumcision only outward and physical. / No, a man is a Jew because he is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a man’s praise does not come from men, but from God. Colossians 2:11 In Him you were also circumcised, in the putting off of your sinful nature, with the circumcision performed by Christ and not by human hands. Genesis 17:10-14 This is My covenant with you and your descendants after you, which you are to keep: Every male among you must be circumcised. / You are to circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and this will be a sign of the covenant between Me and you. / Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring. … Philippians 3:3 For it is we who are the circumcision, we who worship by the Spirit of God, who glory in Christ Jesus, and who put no confidence in the flesh— Acts 7:51 You stiff-necked people with uncircumcised hearts and ears! You always resist the Holy Spirit, just as your fathers did. Ezekiel 11:19-21 And I will give them singleness of heart and put a new spirit within them; I will remove their heart of stone and give them a heart of flesh, / so that they may follow My statutes, keep My ordinances, and practice them. Then they will be My people, and I will be their God. / But as for those whose hearts pursue detestable things and abominations, I will bring their conduct down upon their own heads, declares the Lord GOD.” Galatians 5:6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. What matters is faith expressing itself through love. Treasury of Scripture Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart. Egypt. Jeremiah 25:9-26 Behold, I will send and take all the families of the north, saith the LORD, and Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will bring them against this land, and against the inhabitants thereof, and against all these nations round about, and will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and an hissing, and perpetual desolations… Jeremiah 27:3-7 And send them to the king of Edom, and to the king of Moab, and to the king of the Ammonites, and to the king of Tyrus, and to the king of Zidon, by the hand of the messengers which come to Jerusalem unto Zedekiah king of Judah; … Jeremiah 46:1 The word of the LORD which came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Gentiles; Judah. Isaiah 19:24,25 In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with Assyria, even a blessing in the midst of the land: … in the utmost corners. See TSK notes on Leviticus 21:5 They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their flesh. Jeremiah 25:23 Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all that are in the utmost corners, Jeremiah 49:32 And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith the LORD. uncircumcised in. Jeremiah 4:4 Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away the foreskins of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem: lest my fury come forth like fire, and burn that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings. Leviticus 26:41 And that I also have walked contrary unto them, and have brought them into the land of their enemies; if then their uncircumcised hearts be humbled, and they then accept of the punishment of their iniquity: Deuteronomy 30:6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live. Jump to Previous Ammon Children Clip Corners Cut Desert Distant Dwell Edom Egypt Hair Heart House Inhabiting Israel Judah Live Moab Nations Places Polled Really Temples Uncircumcised Utmost WildernessJump to Next Ammon Children Clip Corners Cut Desert Distant Dwell Edom Egypt Hair Heart House Inhabiting Israel Judah Live Moab Nations Places Polled Really Temples Uncircumcised Utmost WildernessJeremiah 9 1. Jeremiah laments the people for their manifold sins;9. and for their judgment. 12. Disobedience is the cause of their bitter calamity. 17. He exhorts to mourn for their destruction; 23. and to trust not in themselves, but in God. 25. He threatens both Jews and Gentiles. Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair of their temples. Egypt represented a dominant pagan power; Edom, Ammon, and Moab were Israel’s neighboring rivals, often hostile to Judah. The desert peoples practiced customs associated with pagan worship, including forbidden hair-cutting rites. Judah stands among them because its covenant privileges had not restrained its idolatry and disobedience. Jer 25:18-24 make them a ruin, an object of horror and contempt… For all these nations are uncircumcised, These nations stood outside the covenant God established with Abraham and remained devoted to false gods and corrupt practices. Ezk 32:19-32 Whom do you surpass in beauty? Go down and be placed… and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.” Israel possessed the outward sign of circumcision, yet its people often lacked faith, obedience, and devotion to the Lord. Their inward rebellion placed them under the same judgment as the surrounding nations. Lev 26:41 and I acted with hostility toward them and brought them… Persons / Places / Events 1. EgyptA powerful nation in ancient times, often seen as a symbol of worldly power and idolatry in the Bible. 2. Judah The southern kingdom of Israel, representing God's chosen people who have strayed from His commandments. 3. Edom Descendants of Esau, often in conflict with Israel, representing pride and opposition to God's people. 4. The Ammonites Descendants of Lot, frequently at odds with Israel, symbolizing moral and spiritual corruption. 5. Moab Also descendants of Lot, known for their idolatry and opposition to Israel. 6. Desert Dwellers Nomadic tribes living in the desert, representing those outside the covenant community. 7. Uncircumcised in Heart A metaphor for spiritual rebellion and lack of true devotion to God. Teaching Points True Devotion Over RitualsGod desires a heart that is fully devoted to Him rather than mere outward compliance with religious rituals. Universal Call to Repentance The call to circumcise the heart is not limited to Israel but extends to all nations, emphasizing the universal need for repentance and transformation. Spiritual Identity Our identity in Christ is marked by a transformed heart, not by ethnic or cultural heritage. Warning Against Complacency Like Judah, believers today must guard against complacency and ensure their faith is genuine and active. God's Judgment and Mercy While God judges sin, His call to repentance is an act of mercy, inviting all to return to Him with sincere hearts. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of Jeremiah 9:26?2. How does Jeremiah 9:26 highlight the importance of true heart circumcision over rituals? 3. What does Jeremiah 9:26 teach about God's view on external versus internal faith? 4. How can we ensure our faith is genuine, as warned in Jeremiah 9:26? 5. Connect Jeremiah 9:26 with Romans 2:29 on spiritual circumcision and heart transformation. 6. How can we apply the warning in Jeremiah 9:26 to our daily walk with God? 7. What does Jeremiah 9:26 reveal about God's view on outward religious rituals versus inner faith? 8. How does Jeremiah 9:26 challenge the notion of cultural or ethnic superiority in God's eyes? 9. Why does Jeremiah 9:26 emphasize the uncircumcised heart over physical circumcision? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from Jeremiah 9? (26) Egypt, and Judah . . .--The nations enumerated were all alike, the Egyptians certainly (Herod. ii. 36, 37), and the others, as belonging to the same race as Judah, probably, in the fact of circumcision, and are apparently brought together not without some touch of scornful humour. How could Israel pride itself in that which it had in common with some of the nations that it most abhorred. The later Idumaeans seem to have abandoned the practice till it was forced upon them by John Hyrcanus (Joseph., Ant. xi. 9, 15:7). Jerome (in loc.) affirms that the nations named practised circumcision in his time, and its adoption by Islam indicates its prevalence among the Arabs in that of Mahomet. All that are in the utmost corners.--Better, all that have the corners (of their temples) shorn. The epithet, like our "cross-eared" or "round-head," was obviously one of scorn, and was applied (as again in Jeremiah 25:23; Jeremiah 49:32) to a wild Arabian tribe who, as described by Herodotus (3:8), shaved their temples and let their hair grow long behind. The "wilderness" is the Arabian desert to the east of Palestine, inhabited by the Ishmaelites and other kindred races. As if to complete the contempt which he pours on circumcision, the prophet speaks of the barbarous people, whose customs were specially forbidden to Israel (Leviticus 19:27), as in this respect standing on the same level with Israel. If circumcision by itself were enough to secure immunity from judgment, they too, as practising a rite analogous though not identical, might claim it. All these nations are uncircumcised.--The English Version makes the prophet say exactly the opposite of what he really said. All the heathen (not "these nations") are in God's sight as uncircumcised, whether they practise the outward rite or not--and the state of Israel was not a whit better than theirs, for she too was uncircumcised in heart. Once again Jeremiah is the forerunner of St. Paul's Romans 2:25-29. It may be noted that the same nations are enumerated afterwards as coming under Nebuchadnezzar's conquests (Jeremiah 25:23). . . . Verse 26. - All that are in the utmost corners; rather, all that are corner-clipped; i.e. that have the hair cut off about the ears and temples. Herodotus tells us, speaking of the Arabs, "Their practice is to cut the hair in a ring, away from the temples" (3:8); and among the representatives of various nations, colored figures of whom are given in the tomb of Rameses III., we find some with a square place shaved just above the temples. The hair below this shaven place was allowed to grow long, and then plaited into a leek. It is to such customs that Jeremiah alludes here and in Jeremiah 25:23; Jeremiah 49:32. A prohibition is directed against them in the Levitical Law (Leviticus 19:27; Leviticus 21:5). For all these nations are uncircumcised; rather, all the nations, etc. Another obscure expression. Does it mean (taken together with the following clause), "The Gentile peoples are uncircumcised in the flesh, and the people of Israel is equally so in heart?" But this does not agree with facts (see above, on Ver. 25). It is safer, therefore, to assume that "uncircumcised" is equivalent to "circumcised in uncircumcision" (Ver. 25). The next clause will then simply give the most conspicuous instance of this unspiritual obedience to a mere form.
Jeremiah 9:26 places Israel shoulder-to-shoulder with its pagan neighbors to show that outward marks—whether military might, cultural identity, or even covenant signs—cannot shield anyone from God’s judgment. Physical circumcision without heart obedience leaves Israel as spiritually naked as Egypt, Edom, Ammon, Moab, and the desert tribes. God seeks hearts humbled, trusts that rest in Him alone, and lives shaped by His word. Anything less, no matter how religious or respectable, is uncircumcision in His sight. Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew Egypt,מִצְרַ֣יִם (miṣ·ra·yim) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 4714: Egypt -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their country in Northwest Africa Judah, יְהוּדָ֗ה (yə·hū·ḏāh) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3063: Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites Edom, אֱד֞וֹם (’ĕ·ḏō·wm) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 123: The name of a condiment Ammon, עַמּוֹן֙ (‘am·mō·wn) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 5983: Ammon -- a people living East of the Jordan Moab, מוֹאָ֔ב (mō·w·’āḇ) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 4124: Moab -- a son of Lot,also his descendants and the territory where they settled and all כָּל־ (kāl-) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every the inhabitants הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים (hay·yō·šə·ḇîm) Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry of the desert בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר (bam·miḏ·bār) Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 4057: A pasture, a desert, speech who clip the hair קְצוּצֵ֣י (qə·ṣū·ṣê) Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine plural construct Strong's 7112: To chop off of their temples. פֵאָ֔ה (p̄ê·’āh) Noun - feminine singular Strong's 6285: Mouth, direction, region, extremity All כָל־ (ḵāl) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every these nations הַגּוֹיִם֙ (hag·gō·w·yim) Article | Noun - masculine plural Strong's 1471: A foreign nation, a Gentile, a troop of animals, a flight of locusts [are really] uncircumcised, עֲרֵלִ֔ים (‘ă·rê·lîm) Adjective - masculine plural Strong's 6189: Having foreskin (uncircumcised) and even the whole וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl) Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every house בֵּ֥ית (bêṯ) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 1004: A house of Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (yiś·rā·’êl) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc is uncircumcised עַרְלֵי־ (‘ar·lê-) Adjective - masculine plural construct Strong's 6189: Having foreskin (uncircumcised) in heart.” לֵֽב׃ (lêḇ) Noun - masculine singular Strong's 3820: The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre Additonal Resources Jeremiah 9:26 Blue Letter BibleJeremiah 9:26 Bible Gateway Jeremiah 9:26 Bible.com Jeremiah 9:26 NIV |
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