Digging Deeper
No neutrality: all knowledge is covenantalScripture leaves no middle ground. “He who is not with Me is against Me” (Luke 11:23). The mind set on the flesh “is hostile to God; it does not submit to God’s law, nor can it do so” (Romans 8:7).
This explains why the same facts are read through opposite lenses. “The natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God... he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually discerned” (1 Corinthians 2:14). Friendship with the world remains hostility toward God (James 4:4), so we preach Christ crucified in the power of the Spirit.
Objective morality and borrowed capital
Atheism still speaks moral language—justice, dignity, rights—but lacks a transcendent anchor. Scripture reveals the source: “The work of the law is written on their hearts, their consciences also bearing witness” (Romans 2:15).
- Human dignity stands because man bears God’s image (Genesis 1:27)
- Moral obligations bind because the Lawgiver speaks (Exodus 20:1–17)
- True justice reflects God’s righteous character (Psalm 89:14)
- Mercy has meaning because God is love (1 John 4:8)
Without God, these realities drift into preference or power. With God, they rest on the Rock.
Reason, logic, and the Logos
Reason requires a rational, moral order and minds suited to know it. That is exactly what Scripture reveals. “In the beginning was the Word [Logos]” (John 1:1). “He upholds all things by His powerful word” (Hebrews 1:3).
- The laws of logic reflect the consistent character of the God who cannot lie (Titus 1:2)
- The uniformity of nature flows from the faithful Creator (Genesis 8:22)
- Human rationality images the rational God (Genesis 1:26)
Christ, the Logos, makes sense of our thinking and our world.
Creation, design, and the theater of God’s glory
The universe’s beginning, fine-tuning, and information-rich life point beyond blind processes. Scripture agrees. “By the word of the LORD the heavens were made” (Psalm 33:6). “For He spoke, and it came to be; He commanded, and it stood firm” (Psalm 33:9).
- Cosmos: contingent reality that began to exist, calling for a sufficient Cause
- Constants: finely tuned conditions for life, best explained by purposeful wisdom
- Code: DNA’s information and language, signaling mind before matter
“For in Him all things were created” (Colossians 1:16). “He did not create it to be empty, but formed it to be inhabited” (Isaiah 45:18).
Evil and suffering: the cross-centered answer
Atheism can describe pain but struggles to call anything truly evil. Scripture names it and answers it. “All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23). At the cross, divine justice and mercy meet. The risen Christ now turns even sorrow to good for those who love Him (Romans 8:28).
Our hope is solid. “He will wipe away every tear from their eyes” (Revelation 21:4). Present pains are “light and momentary affliction” producing “an eternal weight of glory” (2 Corinthians 4:17).
The resurrection in history
The gospel roots itself in public truth. “Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, He was buried, He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and He appeared” (1 Corinthians 15:3–5).
- Empty tomb publicly known in Jerusalem
- Multiple, varied eyewitnesses over time
- Transformed disciples and the church’s explosive birth
- Enemy conversions like Saul of Tarsus
- Early creeds embedded within the New Testament record
Luke investigated “everything carefully” to provide “an orderly account” so that we “may know the certainty” (Luke 1:3–4). Christianity stakes everything on facts.
Forming resilient disciples in a secular age
We must disciple minds and loves, not only teach answers. “The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge” (Proverbs 1:7). Aim for whole-life formation.
- Catechize with Scripture, confessions, and psalms
- Read exemplary Christian biographies that model courage
- Train in logic and rhetoric under the Lordship of Christ
- Practice hospitality and service as embodied apologetics
- Pair young believers with wise mentors for real-life conversations
Let homes and churches become greenhouses of convictional kindness.
Public witness in the modern Areopagus
Christ places us on campuses, in labs, offices, and councils to shine. “You are the light of the world” (Matthew 5:14). Speak plainly, live beautifully, and suffer well.
- Speak the whole counsel of God with patience and clarity (2 Timothy 4:2)
- Refuse shame and own the Name (2 Timothy 1:8)
- Seek the good of the city while resisting its idols (Jeremiah 29:7; 1 John 5:21)
- Do good works that display the gospel’s power (1 Peter 2:12)
Paul’s courage in Athens can be ours. He began where they were and led them to where they must go—to Christ.
Stand firm, shine bright
Times of confusion demand settled hearts. “God has not given us a spirit of fear, but of power, love, and self-control” (2 Timothy 1:7). Present your bodies “as a living sacrifice” and be “transformed by the renewing of your mind” (Romans 12:1–2). In a world crowded with creeds without a god, let us gladly declare, “As for me and my house, we will serve the LORD” (Joshua 24:15).