Psalm 60:1
Strong's Lexicon
For the choirmaster.
לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ (lam·naṣ·ṣê·aḥ)
Preposition-l, Article | Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 5329: 1) to excel, be bright, be preeminent, be perpetual, be overseer, be enduring 1a) (Niphal) enduring (participle) 1b) (Piel) to act as overseer or superintendent or director or chief

To the tune of
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's Hebrew 5921: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative) conj 2) because that, because, notwithstanding, although

“The Lily of Testimony.”
עֵד֑וּת (‘ê·ḏūṯ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's Hebrew 7802: Shoshannim-eduth or Shushan-eduth = 'lilies' 1) instruction in the title of Ps 60:1 and Ps 80:1 1a) meaning uncertain

A Miktam
מִכְתָּ֖ם (miḵ·tām)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 4387: 1) michtam 1a) a technical term found in psalm titles 1b) meaning uncertain

of David
לְדָוִ֣ד (lə·ḏā·wiḏ)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 1732: David = 'beloved' 1) youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel

for instruction.
לְלַמֵּֽד׃ (lə·lam·mêḏ)
Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct
Strong's Hebrew 3925: 1) to learn. teach, exercise in 1a) (Qal) to learn 1b) (Piel) to teach 1c) (Pual) to be taught, be trained

When he fought
בְּהַצּוֹת֨וֹ ׀ (bə·haṣ·ṣō·w·ṯōw)
Preposition-b | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 5327: 1) (Qal) to fly 2) to struggle 2a) (Niphal) to struggle 2b) (Hiphil) to struggle 3) to strip off, make desolate, fall in ruins 3a) (Qal) to fall in ruins 3b) (Niphal) desolated, ruined heaps (participle)

אֶ֥ת (’eṯ)
Preposition
Strong's Hebrew 854: 1) with, near, together with 1a) with, together with 1b) with (of relationship) 1c) near (of place) 1d) with (poss.) 1e) from...with, from (with other prep)

Aram-naharaim
נַהֲרַיִם֮ (na·hă·ra·yim)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's Hebrew 763: Aram-naharaim = 'Aram of the two rivers' 1) Mesopotamia

וְאֶת־ (wə·’eṯ-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's Hebrew 854: 1) with, near, together with 1a) with, together with 1b) with (of relationship) 1c) near (of place) 1d) with (poss.) 1e) from...with, from (with other prep)

and Aram-zobah,
צ֫וֹבָ֥ה (ṣō·w·ḇāh)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's Hebrew 760: Aram-zobah = 'exalted station: exalted conflict' 1) probably the land northeast of Damascus

and Joab
יוֹאָ֗ב (yō·w·’āḇ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 3097: Joab = 'Jehovah is father' 1) son of David's sister Zeruiah and general of David's army 2) a Judaite descendant of Kenaz 3) a post exilic family

returned
וַיָּ֤שָׁב (way·yā·šāḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 7725: 1) to return, turn back 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to turn back, return 1a1a) to turn back 1a1b) to return, come or go back 1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back 1a1d) of dying 1a1e) of human relations (fig) 1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig) 1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise 1a1f2) to turn away (of God) 1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent 1a1f4) turn back (from evil) 1a1g) of inanimate things 1a1h) in repetition 1b) (Polel) 1b1) to bring back 1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig) 1b3) to lead away (enticingly) 1b4) to show turning, apostatise 1c) (Pual) restored (participle) 1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back 1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment 1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore 1d3) to bring back, report to, answer 1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense) 1d5) to turn back or backward, repel, defeat, repulse, hinder, reject, refuse 1d6) to turn away (face), turn toward 1d7) to turn against 1d8) to bring back to mind 1d9) to show a turning away 1d10) to reverse, revoke 1e) (Hophal) to be returned, be restored, be brought back 1f) (Pulal) brought back

and struck down
וַיַּ֣ךְ (way·yaḵ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 5221: 1) to strike, smite, hit, beat, slay, kill 1a)(Niphal) to be stricken or smitten 1b) (Pual) to be stricken or smitten 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to smite, strike, beat, scourge, clap, applaud, give a thrust 1c2) to smite, kill, slay (man or beast) 1c3) to smite, attack, attack and destroy, conquer, subjugate, ravage 1c4) to smite, chastise, send judgment upon, punish, destroy 1d) (Hophal) to be smitten 1d1) to receive a blow 1d2) to be wounded 1d3) to be beaten 1d4) to be (fatally) smitten, be killed, be slain 1d5) to be attacked and captured 1d6) to be smitten (with disease) 1d7) to be blighted (of plants)

אֶת־ (’eṯ-)
Direct object marker
Strong's Hebrew 853: 1) sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

12,000
שְׁנֵ֖ים (šə·nêm)
Number - md
Strong's Hebrew 8147: 1) two 1a) two (the cardinal number) 1a1) two, both, double, twice 1b) second (the ordinal number) 1c) in combination with other numbers 1d) both (a dual number)

עָשָׂ֣ר (‘ā·śār)
Number - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 6240: 1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers) 1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19

אָֽלֶף׃ (’ā·lep̄)
Number - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 505: 1) a thousand 1a) as numeral 2) a thousand, company 2a) as a company of men under one leader, troops

Edomites
אֱד֣וֹם (’ĕ·ḏō·wm)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 123: Edom = 'red' 1) Edom 2) Edomite, Idumean-descendants of Esau 3) land of Edom, Idumea-land south and south east of Palestine

in the Valley of Salt.
בְּגֵיא־ (bə·ḡê-)
Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's Hebrew 1516: 1) valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge

מֶ֑לַח (me·laḥ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 4417: 1) salt

You have rejected us,
זְנַחְתָּ֣נוּ (zə·naḥ·tā·nū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular | first person common plural
Strong's Hebrew 2186: 1) to cast off, reject, spurn 1a) (Qal) to reject 1b) (Hiphil) to forcefully reject someone 2) to stink, emit stench, become odious 2a) (Hiphil) stink (perfect)

O God;
אֱ֭לֹהִים (’ĕ·lō·hîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's Hebrew 430: 1) (plural) 1a) rulers, judges 1b) divine ones 1c) angels 1d) gods 2) (plural intensive-singular meaning) 2a) god, goddess 2b) godlike one 2c) works or special possessions of God 2d) the (true) God 2e) God

You have broken us;
פְרַצְתָּ֑נוּ (p̄ə·raṣ·tā·nū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular | first person common plural
Strong's Hebrew 6555: 1) to break through or down or over, burst, breach 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to break or burst out (from womb or enclosure) 1a2) to break through or down, make a breach in 1a3) to break into 1a4) to break open 1a5) to break up, break in pieces 1a6) to break out (violently) upon 1a7) to break over (limits), increase 1a8) to use violence 1a9) to burst open 1a10) to spread, distribute 1b) (Niphal) to be broken through 1c) (Pual) to be broken down 1d) (Hithpael) to break away

You have been angry;
אָ֝נַ֗פְתָּ (’ā·nap̄·tā)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 599: 1) to be angry, to be displeased, to breathe hard 1a) (Qal) to be angry (of God) 1b) (Hithpael) to be angry (always of God)

restore us !
תְּשׁ֣וֹבֵ֥ב (tə·šō·w·ḇêḇ)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew 7725: 1) to return, turn back 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to turn back, return 1a1a) to turn back 1a1b) to return, come or go back 1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back 1a1d) of dying 1a1e) of human relations (fig) 1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig) 1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise 1a1f2) to turn away (of God) 1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent 1a1f4) turn back (from evil) 1a1g) of inanimate things 1a1h) in repetition 1b) (Polel) 1b1) to bring back 1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig) 1b3) to lead away (enticingly) 1b4) to show turning, apostatise 1c) (Pual) restored (participle) 1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back 1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment 1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore 1d3) to bring back, report to, answer 1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense) 1d5) to turn back or backward, repel, defeat, repulse, hinder, reject, refuse 1d6) to turn away (face), turn toward 1d7) to turn against 1d8) to bring back to mind 1d9) to show a turning away 1d10) to reverse, revoke 1e) (Hophal) to be returned, be restored, be brought back 1f) (Pulal) brought back

Parallel Strong's
Berean Study Bible
For the choirmaster. To the tune of “The Lily of the Covenant.” A Miktam of David for instruction. When he fought Aram-naharaim and Aram-zobah, and Joab returned and struck down 12,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. You have rejected us, O God; You have broken us; You have been angry; restore us!

Young's Literal Translation
To the Overseer.—‘Concerning the Lily of Testimony,’ a secret treasure of David, to teach, in his striving with Aram-Naharaim, and with Aram-Zobah, and Joab turneth back and smiteth Edom in the valley of Salt—twelve thousand. O God, Thou hadst cast us off, Thou hadst broken us—hadst been angry!—Thou dost turn back to us.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
For the choir director: according toThe Lily of Testimony.” A Davidic Miktam for teaching. When he fought with Aram-naharaim and Aram-zobah, and Joab returned and struck Edom in the Valley of Salt, killing 12,000 . God, You have rejected us; You have broken out against us; You have been angry. Restore us!

New American Standard Bible
For the choir director; according to Shushan Eduth. A Mikhtam of David, to teach; when he struggled with Aram-naharaim and with Aram-zobah, and Joab returned, and smote twelve thousand of Edom in the Valley of Salt. O God, You have rejected us. You have broken us; You have been angry; O, restore us.

King James Bible
{{To the chief Musician upon Shushaneduth, Michtam of David, to teach; when he strove with Aramnaharaim and with Aramzobah, when Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the valley of salt twelve thousand. }} O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast scattered us, thou hast been displeased; O turn thyself to us again.
Parallel Verses
New International Version
For the director of music. To the tune of "The Lily of the Covenant." A miktam of David. For teaching. When he fought Aram Naharaim and Aram Zobah, and when Joab returned and struck down twelve thousand Edomites in the Valley of Salt. You have rejected us, God, and burst upon us; you have been angry--now restore us!

New Living Translation
For the choir director: A psalm of David useful for teaching, regarding the time David fought Aram-naharaim and Aram-zobah, and Joab returned and killed 12,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. To be sung to the tune "Lily of the Testimony." You have rejected us, O God, and broken our defenses. You have been angry with us; now restore us to your favor.

English Standard Version
O God, you have rejected us, broken our defenses; you have been angry; oh, restore us.

New American Standard Bible
For the choir director; according to Shushan Eduth. A Mikhtam of David, to teach; when he struggled with Aram-naharaim and with Aram-zobah, and Joab returned, and smote twelve thousand of Edom in the Valley of Salt. O God, You have rejected us. You have broken us; You have been angry; O, restore us.

King James Bible
To the chief Musician upon Shushaneduth, Michtam of David, to teach; when he strove with Aramnaharaim and with Aramzobah, when Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the valley of salt twelve thousand. O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast scattered us, thou hast been displeased; O turn thyself to us again.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
For the choir director: according to "The Lily of Testimony." A Davidic Miktam for teaching. When he fought with Aram-naharaim and Aram-zobah, and Joab returned and struck Edom in the Valley of Salt, killing 12,000. God, You have rejected us; You have broken out against us; You have been angry. Restore us!

International Standard Version
God, you have cast us off; you have breached our defenses and you have become enraged. Return to us!

NET Bible
For the music director; according to the shushan-eduth style; a prayer of David written to instruct others. It was written when he fought against Aram Naharaim and Aram-Zobah. That was when Joab turned back and struck down 12,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. O God, you have rejected us. You suddenly turned on us in your anger. Please restore us!

American Standard Version
O God thou hast cast us off, thou hast broken us down; Thou hast been angry; oh restore us again.

English Revised Version
For the Chief Musician; set to Shushan Eduth: Michtam of David, to teach: when he strove with Aram-naharaim and with Aram-zobah, and Joab returned, and smote of Edom in the Valley of Salt twelve thousand. O God, thou hast cast us off, thou hast broken us down; thou hast been angry; O restore us again.

Young's Literal Translation
To the Overseer. -- 'Concerning the Lily of Testimony,' a secret treasure of David, to teach, in his striving with Aram-Naharaim, and with Aram-Zobah, and Joab turneth back and smiteth Edom in the valley of Salt -- twelve thousand. O God, Thou hadst cast us off, Thou hadst broken us -- hadst been angry! -- Thou dost turn back to us.
















Cross References
2 Samuel 5:20
And David came to Baalperazim, and David smote them there, and said, The LORD hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place Baalperazim.

2 Samuel 8:3
David smote also Hadadezer, the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates.

1 Chronicles 18:3
And David smote Hadarezer king of Zobah unto Hamath, as he went to stablish his dominion by the river Euphrates.

Psalm 44:9
But thou hast cast off, and put us to shame; and goest not forth with our armies.

Psalm 60:10
Wilt not thou, O God, which hadst cast us off? and thou, O God, which didst not go out with our armies?

Psalm 79:5
How long, LORD? wilt thou be angry for ever? shall thy jealousy burn like fire?

Psalm 80:3
Turn us again, O God, and cause thy face to shine; and we shall be saved.

Lamentations 5:22
But thou hast utterly rejected us; thou art very wroth against us.

Psalm 1:1
Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful.

Psalm 59:17
Unto thee, O my strength, will I sing: for God is my defence, and the God of my mercy.

Psalm 59:16
But I will sing of thy power; yea, I will sing aloud of thy mercy in the morning: for thou hast been my defence and refuge in the day of my trouble.
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Angry Aram Aram-Naharaim Aram-Zobah Broken Cast Chief Choirmaster Covenant David Displeased Edom Fought God Instruction Joab Killed Lily Michtam Miktam Musician Naharaim Poem Rejected Restore Salt Scattered Shushan Strove Teach Teaching Thousand Thyself Tune Turn Twelve Valley Zobah
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Angry Aram Aram-Naharaim Aram-Zobah Broken Cast Chief Choirmaster Covenant David Displeased Edom Fought God Instruction Joab Killed Lily Michtam Miktam Musician Naharaim Poem Rejected Restore Salt Scattered Shushan Strove Teach Teaching Thousand Thyself Tune Turn Twelve Valley Zobah
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