New International Version May God deal with David, be it ever so severely, if by morning I leave alive one male of all who belong to him!” New Living Translation May God strike me and kill me if even one man of his household is still alive tomorrow morning!” English Standard Version God do so to the enemies of David and more also, if by morning I leave so much as one male of all who belong to him.” Berean Standard Bible May God punish David, and ever so severely, if I let one male belonging to Nabal survive until morning.” Berean Literal Bible And may God do to David, and thus may he add, if I leave of all who are unto him by the morning light one who urinates against the wall.” King James Bible So and more also do God unto the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall. New King James Version May God do so, and more also, to the enemies of David, if I leave one male of all who belong to him by morning light.” New American Standard Bible May God do so to the enemies of David, and more so, if by morning I leave alive as much as one male of any who belong to him.” NASB 1995 “May God do so to the enemies of David, and more also, if by morning I leave as much as one male of any who belong to him.” NASB 1977 “May God do so to the enemies of David, and more also, if by morning I leave as much as one male of any who belong to him.” Legacy Standard Bible May God do so to the enemies of David, and more also, if by morning I leave as much as one male of any who belong to him.” Amplified Bible May God do so to the enemies of David, and more also, if by morning I leave [alive] even one male of any who belong to him.” Berean Annotated Bible May God {Elohim} punish David (beloved) [David’s enemies], and ever so severely, if I let one male belonging to Nabal survive until morning.” Christian Standard Bible May God punish me and do so severely if I let any of his males survive until morning.” Holman Christian Standard Bible May God punish me and do so severely if I let any of his men survive until morning.” American Standard Version God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one man-child. Contemporary English Version I swear that by morning, there won't be a man or boy left from his family or his servants' families. I pray that God will punish me if I don't do it!" English Revised Version God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one man child. GOD'S WORD® Translation May God punish me if I leave even one of his men alive in the morning." Good News Translation May God strike me dead if I don't kill every last one of those men before morning!" International Standard Version May the LORD do this to the enemies of David —and more also—if by the morning I've left alive a single male of all those who belong to him." NET Bible God will severely punish David, if I leave alive until morning even one male from all those who belong to him!" New Heart English Bible God do so to David, and more also, if I leave of all that belongs to him by the morning light so much as one who urinates on a wall." Webster's Bible Translation So and more also do God to the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any male person.) Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleMay God punish David, and ever so severely, if I let one male belonging to Nabal survive until morning.” World English Bible God do so to the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that belongs to him by the morning light so much as one who urinates on a wall.” Literal Translations Literal Standard Versionthus God does to the enemies of David, and thus He adds, if I leave of all that he has until the morning light—of those sitting on the wall.” Berean Literal Bible And may God do to David, and thus may he add, if I leave of all who are unto him by the morning light one who urinates against the wall.” Young's Literal Translation thus doth God do to the enemies of David, and thus He doth add, if I leave of all that he hath till the light of the morning -- of those sitting on the wall.' Smith's Literal Translation Thus will God do the enemies of David and thus will he add if I shall leave from all which is to him till the light of the morning, him pissing against the wall.) Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleMay God do so and so, and add more to the foes of David, if I leave of all that belong to him till the morning, any that pisseth against the wall. Catholic Public Domain Version May God do these things, by the enemies of David, and may he add these other things, if I leave behind until morning, out of all that belongs to him, anything that urinates against a wall.” New American Bible May God do thus to David, and more, if by morning I leave a single male alive among all those who belong to him.” New Revised Standard Version God do so to David and more also, if by morning I leave so much as one male of all who belong to him.” Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleThe LORD do so and more also to his servant David, if I leave of all that belongs to him by morning any mature male. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated Thus may LORD JEHOVAH do to his Servant David, and thus he will add to him if anything he has that forms a wall will be left until the morning!” OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917God do so unto the enemies of David, and more also, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light so much as one male.'-- Brenton Septuagint Translation So God do to David and more also, if I leave one male of all that belong to Nabal until the morning. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible (Voice ▾ Musical ▾) Context Abigail Intercedes for Nabal…21Now David had just finished saying, “In vain I have protected all that belonged to this man in the wilderness. Nothing that belongs to him has gone missing, yet he has paid me back evil for good. 22May God punish David, and ever so severely, if I let one of Nabal’s men survive until morning.” 23When Abigail saw David, she quickly got off the donkey, fell facedown, and bowed before him.… Cross References May God punish David, and ever so severely, 2 Samuel 19:13 And say to Amasa, ‘Aren’t you my flesh and blood? May God punish me, and ever so severely, if from now on you are not the commander of my army in place of Joab!’” 2 Kings 6:31 He announced, “May God punish me, and ever so severely, if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains on his shoulders through this day!” 1 Kings 19:2 So Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah, saying, “May the gods deal with me, and ever so severely, if by this time tomorrow I have not made your life like the lives of those you killed!” if I let one male belonging to Nabal survive until morning.” Numbers 31:17-18 So now, kill all the boys, as well as every woman who has had relations with a man, / but spare for yourselves every girl who has never had relations with a man. 1 Samuel 15:3 Now go and attack the Amalekites and devote to destruction all that belongs to them. Do not spare them, but put to death men and women, children and infants, oxen and sheep, camels and donkeys.’” Deuteronomy 20:16-17 However, in the cities of the nations that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, you must not leave alive anything that breathes. / For you must devote them to complete destruction—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—as the LORD your God has commanded you, 1 Samuel 24:21 So now, swear to me by the LORD that you will not cut off my descendants or wipe out my name from my father’s house.” 1 Samuel 26:10 David added, “As surely as the LORD lives, the LORD Himself will strike him down; either his day will come and he will die, or he will go into battle and perish. 2 Samuel 3:9 May God punish Abner, and ever so severely, if I do not do for David what the LORD has sworn to him: 2 Samuel 3:35 Then all the people came and urged David to eat something while it was still day, but David took an oath, saying, “May God punish me, and ever so severely, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun sets!” 1 Kings 2:23 Then King Solomon swore by the LORD: “May God punish me, and ever so severely, if Adonijah has not made this request at the expense of his life. Ruth 1:17 Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. May the LORD punish me, and ever so severely, if anything but death separates you and me.” Job 31:30 I have not allowed my mouth to sin by asking for his life with a curse— Psalm 7:16 His trouble recoils on himself, and his violence falls on his own head. Psalm 109:17-18 The cursing that he loved, may it fall on him; the blessing in which he refused to delight, may it be far from him. / The cursing that he wore like a coat, may it soak into his body like water, and into his bones like oil. Proverbs 20:22 Do not say, “I will avenge this evil!” Wait on the LORD, and He will save you. Treasury of Scripture So and more also do God to the enemies of David, if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that urinates against the wall. So and more. 1 Samuel 25:32-34 And David said to Abigail, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, which sent thee this day to meet me: … 1 Samuel 3:17 And he said, What is the thing that the LORD hath said unto thee? I pray thee hide it not from me: God do so to thee, and more also, if thou hide any thing from me of all the things that he said unto thee. 1 Samuel 14:44 And Saul answered, God do so and more also: for thou shalt surely die, Jonathan. if I leave 1 Samuel 25:34 For in very deed, as the LORD God of Israel liveth, which hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall. any that pisseth, etc. 1 Kings 14:10 Therefore, behold, I will bring evil upon the house of Jeroboam, and will cut off from Jeroboam him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel, and will take away the remnant of the house of Jeroboam, as a man taketh away dung, till it be all gone. 1 Kings 16:11 And it came to pass, when he began to reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, that he slew all the house of Baasha: he left him not one that pisseth against a wall, neither of his kinsfolks, nor of his friends. 1 Kings 21:21 Behold, I will bring evil upon thee, and will take away thy posterity, and will cut off from Ahab him that pisseth against the wall, and him that is shut up and left in Israel, Jump to Previous Add Alive Belong Belongs David Deal Enemies Leave Male Man-Child Morning Pertain Pisseth Punishment Severely Sitting Urinates WallJump to Next Add Alive Belong Belongs David Deal Enemies Leave Male Man-Child Morning Pertain Pisseth Punishment Severely Sitting Urinates Wall1 Samuel 25 1. Samuel dies2. David in Paran sends to Nabal 10. Provoked by Nabal's rudeness, he minds to destroy him 14. Abigail understanding thereof 18. takes a present 23. and by her wisdom 32. pacifies David 36. Nabal hearing thereof, dies 39. David takes Abigail and Ahinoam to be his wives 44. Michal is given to Phalti May God punish David, and ever so severely, David bound himself under God’s judgment, declaring that he deserved severe punishment if he failed to act as he intended. His oath reveals both the depth of Nabal’s offense and the intensity of David’s anger. 2Sa 19:13 And say to Amasa, ‘Aren’t you my flesh and blood?… if I let one male belonging to Nabal survive until morning.” David planned to wipe out Nabal’s household in retaliation for Nabal’s contempt and refusal to aid him. “One male” literally means “one who urinates against the wall,” a derogatory Hebrew idiom for males. Though Nabal had acted foolishly and dishonorably, David’s proposed response exceeded justice and threatened innocent bloodshed. Abigail’s intervention would turn David from this course and preserve him from guilt. Num 31:17-18 So now, kill all the boys, as well as every woman… Persons / Places / Events 1. DavidThe future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, who is currently on the run from King Saul. In this passage, David is reacting in anger to Nabal's insult and refusal to provide provisions. 2. Nabal A wealthy but foolish man whose name means "fool" in Hebrew. He is married to Abigail and refuses to help David and his men, despite their protection of his shepherds. 3. Abigail Nabal's wise and discerning wife who later intervenes to prevent David from committing bloodshed. 4. Carmel The location where Nabal's estate is situated. It is a region in Judah known for its fertile land. 5. David's Men The group of warriors loyal to David, who are in need of provisions while they are on the run. Teaching Points The Danger of Rash VowsDavid's oath in anger shows the danger of making rash vows. As believers, we should be cautious with our words, especially when driven by emotion. The Role of Intercessors Abigail's intervention is a powerful example of how God can use wise and discerning individuals to prevent sin and promote peace. God's Sovereignty in Justice David's initial desire for personal vengeance is contrasted with the biblical principle that vengeance belongs to the Lord. Trusting God to handle justice can prevent unnecessary conflict. The Power of Humility and Wisdom Abigail's approach to David with humility and wisdom demonstrates how these qualities can defuse potentially violent situations. Repentance and Change David's eventual change of heart, influenced by Abigail, shows the importance of being open to correction and willing to change course when confronted with truth. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of 1 Samuel 25:22?2. How does 1 Samuel 25:22 demonstrate the seriousness of David's initial intentions? 3. What does David's oath reveal about his character and leadership challenges? 4. How can we apply David's response to anger in our own lives today? 5. What other biblical examples show the consequences of acting on anger like David? 6. How does God's intervention in 1 Samuel 25 influence our trust in His timing? 7. What does 1 Samuel 25:22 reveal about God's justice and retribution? 8. How does 1 Samuel 25:22 align with the concept of divine vengeance? 9. Why does David invoke such a severe curse in 1 Samuel 25:22? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from 1 Samuel 25? (22) So and more also.--This is an unusual variation of the common form of imprecation, "God do so to me and more also, if, &c, &c." The Syriac and Arabic Versions, followed by some commentators, instead of "enemies of David," read "his servant David." The LXX., as usual, boldly cuts the knot by leaving out the word of difficulty, and reads "David" simply, omitting "enemies." But there is no doubt that the Hebrew text here is correct. The words signify David himself. If God's anger for the broken vow visited even David's enemies, as distantly connected with him, how much more the guilty oath breaker himself? (This was Raschi's explanation for a similar expression in Jonathan's oath, 1Samuel 20:16.) "A superstitious feeling probably lay at the root of this substitution of David's enemies for himself, when thus invoking a curse" (Dean Payne Smith, in the Pulpit Commentary). Bishop Wordsworth here draws a good lesson on the non-obligation to keep a solemn oath, taken perhaps in a moment of undue excitement, and instances the evil example of Herod Antipas, who considered himself bound to carry out to the bitter end his rash oath to the daughter of Herodias, though it involved the death of John the Baptist, his former friend.1 Samuel 25:22 records a rash, self-imprecatory oath revealing how pride and anger can tempt even a faithful servant to overstep God’s bounds. David’s words invoke severe divine judgment upon himself if he fails to annihilate Nabal’s household, highlighting (1) the sacred weight of oaths, (2) the dangerous escalation of unchecked anger, and (3) the need for God’s gracious intervention to keep His people from sin. The episode warns against personal vengeance and commends humble reliance on the Lord, who alone judges righteously (Deuteronomy 32:35; 1 Peter 2:23). Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew May Godאֱלֹהִ֛ים (’ĕ·lō·hîm) Noun - masculine plural Strong's 430: gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative punish כֹּה־ (kōh-) Adverb Strong's 3541: Like this, thus, here, now David, דָוִ֖ד (ḏā·wiḏ) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 1732: David -- perhaps 'beloved one', a son of Jesse and ever so וְכֹ֣ה (wə·ḵōh) Conjunctive waw | Adverb Strong's 3541: Like this, thus, here, now severely, יֹסִ֑יף (yō·sîp̄) Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 3254: To add, augment if {I let} אִם־ (’im-) Conjunction Strong's 518: Lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not one מִכָּל־ (mik·kāl) Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every of his men מַשְׁתִּ֥ין (maš·tîn) Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular Strong's 8366: To make water, urinate survive אַשְׁאִ֧יר (’aš·’îr) Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular Strong's 7604: To swell up, be, redundant until עַד־ (‘aḏ-) Preposition Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while morning.” הַבֹּ֖קֶר (hab·bō·qer) Article | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 1242: Dawn, morning Additonal Resources 1 Samuel 25:22 Blue Letter Bible1 Samuel 25:22 Bible Gateway 1 Samuel 25:22 Bible.com 1 Samuel 25:22 NIV |
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