Romans 1:28
New International Version
Furthermore, just as they did not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God, so God gave them over to a depraved mind, so that they do what ought not to be done.

New Living Translation
Since they thought it foolish to acknowledge God, he abandoned them to their foolish thinking and let them do things that should never be done.

English Standard Version
And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind to do what ought not to be done.

Berean Standard Bible
Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, He gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done.

Berean Literal Bible
And as they did not see fit to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do things not being proper;

King James Bible
And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;

New King James Version
And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a debased mind, to do those things which are not fitting;

New American Standard Bible
And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper,

NASB 1995
And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper,

NASB 1977
And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God any longer, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper,

Legacy Standard Bible
And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them over to an unfit mind, to do those things which are not proper,

Amplified Bible
And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God or consider Him worth knowing [as their Creator], God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do things which are improper and repulsive,

Christian Standard Bible
And because they did not think it worthwhile to acknowledge God, God delivered them over to a corrupt mind so that they do what is not right.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
And because they did not think it worthwhile to acknowledge God, God delivered them over to a worthless mind to do what is morally wrong.

American Standard Version
And even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up unto a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And because they decided in themselves not to know God, God handed them over to a worthless mind so that they would be doing whatever is inappropriate,

Contemporary English Version
Since these people refused even to think about God, he let their useless minds rule over them. That's why they do all sorts of indecent things.

Douay-Rheims Bible
And as they liked not to have God in their knowledge, God delivered them up to a reprobate sense, to do those things which are not convenient;

English Revised Version
And even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up unto a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
And because they thought it was worthless to acknowledge God, God allowed their own immoral minds to control them. So they do these indecent things.

Good News Translation
Because those people refuse to keep in mind the true knowledge about God, he has given them over to corrupted minds, so that they do the things that they should not do.

International Standard Version
Furthermore, because they did not think it worthwhile to keep knowing God fully, God delivered them to degraded minds to perform acts that should not be done.

Literal Standard Version
And according as they did not approve of having God in knowledge, God gave them up to a disapproved mind, to do the things not seemly;

Majority Standard Bible
Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, He gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done.

New American Bible
And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God handed them over to their undiscerning mind to do what is improper.

NET Bible
And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done.

New Revised Standard Version
And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind and to things that should not be done.

New Heart English Bible
Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God abandoned them to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not right;

Webster's Bible Translation
And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;

Weymouth New Testament
And just as they had refused to continue to have a full knowledge of God, so it was to utterly worthless minds that God gave them up, for them to do things which should not be done.

World English Bible
Even as they refused to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;

Young's Literal Translation
And, according as they did not approve of having God in knowledge, God gave them up to a disapproved mind, to do the things not seemly;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
God's Wrath against Sin
27Likewise, the men abandoned natural relations with women and burned with lust for one another. Men committed indecent acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error. 28Furthermore, since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, He gave them up to a depraved mind, to do what ought not to be done. 29They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips,…

Cross References
Genesis 6:5
Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time.

2 Samuel 22:27
to the pure You show Yourself pure, but to the crooked You show Yourself shrewd.

Psalm 69:27
Add iniquity to their iniquity; let them not share in Your righteousness.

Ezekiel 20:25
I also gave them over to statutes that were not good and ordinances by which they could not live.

Romans 1:24
Therefore God gave them over in the desires of their hearts to impurity for the dishonoring of their bodies with one another.

Ephesians 5:4
Nor should there be obscenity, foolish talk, or crude joking, which are out of character, but rather thanksgiving.

2 Thessalonians 2:11
For this reason God will send them a powerful delusion so that they believe the lie,


Treasury of Scripture

And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;

as they did.

Romans 1:18,21
For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; …

Job 21:14,15
Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways…

Proverbs 1:7,22,29
The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge: but fools despise wisdom and instruction…

retain.

Jeremiah 6:30
Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.

2 Corinthians 13:5-7
Examine yourselves, whether ye be in the faith; prove your own selves. Know ye not your own selves, how that Jesus Christ is in you, except ye be reprobates? …

2 Timothy 3:8
Now as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, reprobate concerning the faith.

not convenient.

Ephesians 5:4
Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks.

Philemon 1:8
Wherefore, though I might be much bold in Christ to enjoin thee that which is convenient,

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Acknowledge Base Conduct Continue Convenient Depraved Evil Fit Fitting Full Furthermore Good Improper Longer Mind Minds Ought Practise Proper Refused Reprobate Retain Right Think Utterly Worthless
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Acknowledge Base Conduct Continue Convenient Depraved Evil Fit Fitting Full Furthermore Good Improper Longer Mind Minds Ought Practise Proper Refused Reprobate Retain Right Think Utterly Worthless
Romans 1
1. Paul commends his calling to the Romans;
9. and his desire to come to them.
16. What his gospel is.
18. God is angry with sin.
21. What were the sins of mankind.














(28) Even as.--Rightly translated in the Authorised version: "as" is not here equivalent to "because," but means rather, just in like proportion as. The degree of God's punishment corresponded exactly to the degree of man's deflection from God.

Did not like.--There is a play upon words here with "reprobate" in the clause following which cannot be retained in English. "As they reprobated the knowledge of God, so He gave them up to a reprobate mind." As they would have nothing to do with Him, so He would have nothing to do with them. "Reprobate" means, properly, tried and found wanting, and therefore cast away as worthless.

To retain God in their knowledge.--The word for knowledge here means "exact," "advanced," "thorough knowledge." They refused to hold the true idea of God so as to grow and increase in the knowledge of it.

Those things which are not convenient.--That which is unbecoming, disgraceful.

Fornication.--This word is wanting in the best MSS. and should be omitted, as also the word "implacable" in Romans 1:31.

Wickedness, . . . maliciousness.--These two words appear to be related together, so that the latter expresses rather the vicious disposition--vicious in the special sense, the disposition to do hurt to others--the former rather the active exercise of it. Similar catalogues of sins are given in other of St. Paul's Epistles, as, for example, 2 Cor. 12:30; Galatians 5:19 et seq.; Ephesians 5:3-4; 1Timothy 1:9-10; 2Timothy 3:2 et seq. . . .

Verse 28. - And even as they did not like to have God in their knowledge, God gave them over (παρέδυκεν, as before) to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient (i.e. unfitting or unseemly things). It is difficult to render in English οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν and ἀδόκιμον so as to retain the apparently intended correspondence between the verb and the adjective. The verb δοκιμάζειν is capable of the senses

(1) "to prove" (as in assaying metals), and, generally, "to discern," or "judge;"

(2) "to approve," after supposed proving. Jowett, in his commentary on this Epistle, endeavours to retain in English the correspondence between ἐδοκιμασαν and ἀδόκιμον by translating, "As they did not discern to have God in their knowledge, God gave them up to an undiscerning mind," thus taking the verb in sense (1), and the adjective in the same sense actively. But it is at least doubtful whether ἀδόκιμος can be taken in an active sense, which is not its classical one. In the New Testament it occurs 1 Corinthians 9:27; 2 Corinthians 13:5, 6; 2 Timothy 3:8; Titus 1:16; Hebrews 6:8. In the first of the above passages the word obviously means "rejected" (in the Authorized Version a castaway), with reference to the comparison of a competitor in athletic contests being proved unworthy of the prize - a sense cognate to the common one of the same adjective as applied to spurious metals, rejected or worthless after being tested. In 2 Corinthians 13:5, 6, either sense seems admissible - ἑαυτοὺς δοκιμάζετε... εἰ μήτι ἀδόκιμοί ἐστε. But not so in Hebrews 6:8, where the word is applied to barren land. The passages from 2 Timothy and Titus may in themselves admit the sense of undiscerning, but the passive one is more probable in view of the common usage of the word. On the other hand, ch. 12:2 may be adduced in favour of the active sense; for there the consequence of the renewal of the mind in Christians is said to be that they may prove, or discern (εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς), what is Gods will; and hence it may seem probable that the want of such discernment is denoted here. The same passage also favours the verb δοκιμάζειν being taken here in sense (1) given above, and Jowett's rendering of the whole passage. It is, after all, uncertain; nor does it follow that the Greek paronomasia can be reproduced in English.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
Furthermore,
Καὶ (Kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

since
καθὼς (kathōs)
Adverb
Strong's 2531: According to the manner in which, in the degree that, just as, as. From kata and hos; just as, that.

they did not see fit
ἐδοκίμασαν (edokimasan)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 1381: From dokimos; to test; by implication, to approve.

to acknowledge
ἔχειν (echein)
Verb - Present Infinitive Active
Strong's 2192: To have, hold, possess. Including an alternate form scheo skheh'-o; a primary verb; to hold.

God,
Θεὸν (Theon)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.

[He]
Θεὸς (Theos)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.

gave them up
παρέδωκεν (paredōken)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 3860: From para and didomi; to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit.

to
εἰς (eis)
Preposition
Strong's 1519: A primary preposition; to or into, of place, time, or purpose; also in adverbial phrases.

a depraved
ἀδόκιμον (adokimon)
Adjective - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's 96: Failing to pass the test, unapproved, counterfeit. By implication, worthless.

mind,
νοῦν (noun)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3563: Probably from the base of ginosko; the intellect, i.e. Mind; by implication, meaning.

to do
ποιεῖν (poiein)
Verb - Present Infinitive Active
Strong's 4160: (a) I make, manufacture, construct, (b) I do, act, cause. Apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do.

what
τὰ (ta)
Article - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

ought not to be done.
καθήκοντα (kathēkonta)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 2520: To come down, come to; To be unfit, proper. From kata and heko; to reach to, i.e. becoming.


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NT Letters: Romans 1:28 Even as they refused to have God (Rom. Ro)
Romans 1:27
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