Jesus’ Authority Challenged
(Matthew 21:23–27; Mark 11:27–33)

1One day as Jesus was teaching {didaskontos} the people in the temple courts \the temple/a and proclaiming the gospel (good news), the chief priests and scribes, together with the elders, came up to Him. 2“Tell us,” they said, “by what authority are You doing these things, and who gave You this authority?”

3“I will also ask you⁺ a question,” Jesus replied. “Tell Me: 4John’s (YHWH is gracious) baptism (submersion)—was it from heaven, or from men?”

5They deliberated among themselves and said, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will ask, ‘Why did you⁺ not believe (have faith) him?’ 6But if we say, ‘From men,’ all the people will stone us, for they are convinced that John (YHWH is gracious) was a prophet.”

7So they answered that they did not know where it was from.

8And Jesus (YHWH saves) replied, “Neither will I tell you⁺ by what authority I am doing these things.”

The Parable of the Wicked Tenants
(Matthew 21:33–46; Mark 12:1–12)

9Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it out to some tenants (farmers), and went away for a long time. 10At harvest time, he sent a servant {doulon} to the tenants (farmers) to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat the servant and sent him away empty-handed.

11So he sent another servant {doulon}, but they beat him and treated him shamefully, sending him away empty-handed.

12Then he sent a third, but they wounded him and threw him out.

13‘What shall I do?’ asked the owner {kyrios} of the vineyard. ‘I will send my beloved {agapēton} son. Perhaps they will respect him.’

14But when the tenants (farmers) saw the son, they discussed it among themselves and said, ‘This is the heir. Let us kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 15So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

What then will the owner {kyrios} of the vineyard do to them? 16He will come and kill those tenants (farmers) and give the vineyard to others.”

And when the people heard this, they said, “May such a thing never happen!”

17But Jesus looked directly at them and said, “Then what is the meaning of that which is written:

‘The stone the builders rejected

has become the cornerstone <Psa 118:22>’b?

18Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.”

Paying Taxes to Caesar
(Matthew 22:15–22; Mark 12:13–17)

19When the scribes and chief priests realized that Jesus had spoken this parable against them, they sought to arrest Him that very hour. But they were afraid of the people.

20So they watched Him closely and sent spies who pretended to be sincere. They were hoping to catch Him in His words in order to hand Him over to the rule and authority of the governor. 21“Teacher {Didaskale},” they inquired, “we know that You speak and teach {didaskeis} correctly. You show no partiality but teach the way of God {Theou} in accordance with the truth. 22Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar (Emporer) or not?”

23But Jesus saw through their duplicity and said to them, 24“Show Me a denarius (day’s wage).c Whose image and inscription are on it?”

“Caesar’s,” they answered.

25So Jesus told them, “Give to Caesar (Emporer) what is Caesar’s, and to God {Theō} what is God’s {Theou}.”

26And they were unable to trap Him in His words {rhēmatos} before the people. And amazed at His answer, they fell silent.

The Sadducees and the Resurrection
(Matthew 22:23–33; Mark 12:18–27)

27Then some of the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection (rising again), came to question Him. 28“Teacher {Didaskale},” they said, “Moses (drawn out) wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man is to marry his brother’s widow and raise up offspring (seed) for him <Deu 25:5>.d 29Now there were seven brothers. The first one married a wife but died childless. 30Then the second [married the widow, and he also died,]e 31and the third married the widow, and in the same way all seven died, leaving no children. 32And last of all, the woman died. 33So then, in the resurrection (rising again), whose wife will she be? For all seven were married to her.”

34Jesus (YHWH saves) answered, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage. 35But those who are considered worthy to share in the age to come and in the resurrection (rising again) from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage. 36In fact, they can no longer die, because they are like the angels. And since they are sons of the resurrection (rising again), they are sons of God {Theou}.

37Even Moses (drawn out) demonstrates that the dead are raised, in the passage about the burning bush. For he calls the Lord {Kyrion} ‘the God {Theon} of Abraham (father of many), the God of Isaac (he will laugh), and the God of Jacob <Exo 3:6>.’f 38He is not the God {Theos} of the dead, but of the living, for to Him all are alive.”

39Some of the scribes answered, “Teacher {Didaskale}, You have spoken well!” 40And they did not dare to question Him any further.

Whose Son Is the Christ?
(Matthew 22:41–46; Mark 12:35–37)

41Then Jesus declared, “How can it be said that the Christ (the Anointed One) is the Son of David (beloved)? 42For David (beloved) himself says in the book (papyrus roll) of Psalms:

‘The Lord {Kyrios} said to my Lord {Kyriō},

“Sit at My right hand

43until I make Your enemies

a footstool for Your feet <Psa 110:1>.”’g

44Thus David (beloved) calls Him ‘Lord {Kyrion}.’ So how can He be David’s son?”

Beware of the Scribes
(Mark 12:38–40)

45In the hearing of all the people, Jesus said to His disciples (pupils), 46“Beware of the scribes. They like to walk around in long robes, and they love {philountōn} the greetings in the marketplaces (town square), the chief seats in the synagogues, and the places of honor at banquets. 47They defraud widows of their houses \They devour widows’ houses/,h and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will receive greater condemnation.”