Digging Deeper
Seeing the Whole Picture: Parousia, Epiphaneia, ApokalypsisScripture uses rich words to describe the Lord’s return, each highlighting a facet of the same reality.
- Parousia (coming, arrival): the personal presence and royal arrival of the King (Matthew 24:27; 1 Thessalonians 4:15; 2 Thessalonians 2:1).
- Epiphaneia (appearing, manifestation): the visible unveiling of divine glory (2 Timothy 4:1, 8; Titus 2:13).
- Apokalypsis (revelation): the disclosure of what is now unseen (1 Peter 1:7, 13; 2 Thessalonians 1:7).
These accents belong together. At His parousia the Lord is revealed and His glory appears, and the lawless one is destroyed “by the splendor of His coming” (2 Thessalonians 2:8).
Resurrection, Rapture, and Reunion
Christ’s appearing is resurrection day. “Listen, I tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed—in an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed” (1 Corinthians 15:51–52).
It is also reunion day. “After that, we who are alive and remain will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will always be with the Lord” (1 Thessalonians 4:17). Glory, immortality, and incorruption will clothe the saints (1 Corinthians 15:53–57; Philippians 3:20–21).
Wrath, Rescue, and Reward
His appearing brings both rescue and retribution. Believers “await His Son from heaven... Jesus, who rescues us from the coming wrath” (1 Thessalonians 1:10). The ungodly face righteous judgment (2 Thessalonians 1:7–10; Revelation 20:11–15). The saints receive reward according to works, by grace (2 Corinthians 5:10; Revelation 22:12).
This dual reality clarifies gospel urgency and pastoral sobriety. Mercy is free and full in Christ today; justice will be complete at His appearing.
Israel, the Nations, and the King
God’s promises stand. The hardening upon Israel is partial and temporary until the fullness of the Gentiles, and “all Israel will be saved” (Romans 11:25–27). Jerusalem’s times will be fulfilled (Luke 21:24). The King will sit on His glorious throne, and renewal foretold by the prophets will come (Matthew 19:28; Acts 3:19–21; Isaiah 2:2–4; 11:1–10).
These certainties do not obscure the church’s mission; they frame it with confidence that God’s covenant faithfulness directs history.
The Millennium and the New Creation
Revelation speaks of a thousand-year reign and then the final judgment and new creation (Revelation 20–22). However one traces sequence and detail, the text is clear about the bodily resurrection of the saints, the defeat of the devil, and the descent of the New Jerusalem. The end is no abstraction but a redeemed, tangible world forever under Christ’s righteous rule (Isaiah 65:17–25; Revelation 21–22).
Hastening the Day: How Readiness Works
Scripture speaks of “as you anticipate and hasten the coming of the day of God” (2 Peter 3:12). The Lord has appointed means that align our lives with His purpose.
- Holy conduct and godliness (2 Peter 3:11).
- Persistent intercession (Matthew 6:10; Luke 18:7–8).
- Unhindered gospel advance to the nations (Matthew 24:14).
- Patient endurance under trials (Revelation 13:10; 14:12).
Readiness is not passivity but wholehearted participation in the Lord’s revealed will.
Teaching and Shepherding with This Hope
This doctrine belongs in the bloodstream of discipleship. Teach it plainly, sing it joyfully, and comfort with it wisely.
- Teach the whole counsel of God with Christ’s return in view (Acts 20:27; 2 Timothy 4:1–2).
- Let the word dwell richly in our gathered worship and song (Colossians 3:16).
- Catechize children to love His appearing with simple, sturdy truth (Deuteronomy 6:6–9).
- Prepare saints for suffering with a sure hope of glory (2 Timothy 3:12; Romans 8:18).
- Encourage creation stewardship as we await its liberation (Romans 8:19–23).
Guardrails for Study and Conversation
We hold fast to what is sure, with humility on what is not yet fully revealed.
- Read literally and contextually, honoring genre and canonical harmony (Luke 24:27; 2 Peter 1:20–21).
- Let clear passages govern the obscure (2 Peter 3:16).
- Keep Christ’s person and work central (Revelation 19:10).
- Promote unity, not quarrels (Ephesians 4:1–6; Romans 14:19).
- Remember that “the secret things belong to the LORD our God, but the things revealed belong to us and to our children forever” (Deuteronomy 29:29).
In all our study and service, we keep the lamp of hope trimmed and burning. “Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!” (Revelation 22:20).