Lamentations 1:3
New International Version
After affliction and harsh labor, Judah has gone into exile. She dwells among the nations; she finds no resting place. All who pursue her have overtaken her in the midst of her distress.

New Living Translation
Judah has been led away into captivity, oppressed with cruel slavery. She lives among foreign nations and has no place of rest. Her enemies have chased her down, and she has nowhere to turn.

English Standard Version
Judah has gone into exile because of affliction and hard servitude; she dwells now among the nations, but finds no resting place; her pursuers have all overtaken her in the midst of her distress.

Berean Standard Bible
Judah has gone into exile under affliction and harsh slavery; she dwells among the nations but finds no place to rest. All her pursuers have overtaken her in the midst of her distress.

King James Bible
Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude: she dwelleth among the heathen, she findeth no rest: all her persecutors overtook her between the straits.

New King James Version
Judah has gone into captivity, Under affliction and hard servitude; She dwells among the nations, She finds no rest; All her persecutors overtake her in dire straits.

New American Standard Bible
Judah has gone into exile out of affliction And harsh servitude; She lives among the nations, But she has not found a resting place; All those who pursued her have overtaken her In the midst of distress.

NASB 1995
Judah has gone into exile under affliction And under harsh servitude; She dwells among the nations, But she has found no rest; All her pursuers have overtaken her In the midst of distress.

NASB 1977
Judah has gone into exile under affliction, And under harsh servitude; She dwells among the nations, But she has found no rest; All her pursuers have overtaken her In the midst of distress.

Legacy Standard Bible
Judah has gone into exile because of affliction And because of great slavery; She sits among the nations, But she has found no rest; All her pursuers have overtaken her In the midst of distress.

Amplified Bible
Judah has gone into exile under affliction And under harsh servitude; She dwells among the [pagan] nations, But she has found no rest; All her pursuers have overtaken her In the midst of [her] distress.

Christian Standard Bible
Judah has gone into exile following affliction and harsh slavery; she lives among the nations but finds no place to rest. All her pursuers have overtaken her in narrow places.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Judah has gone into exile following affliction and harsh slavery; she lives among the nations but finds no place to rest. All her pursuers have overtaken her in narrow places.

American Standard Version
Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude; She dwelleth among the nations, she findeth no rest: All her persecutors overtook her within the straits.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Gimel Yehuda is made captive from bondage and from much slavery. She dwelt among the nations and she has not found rest for herself. All her pursuers overtook her in the place of suffering

Brenton Septuagint Translation
GIMEL. Judea is gone into captivity by reason of her affliction, and by reason of the abundance of her servitude: she dwells among the nations, she has not found rest: all her pursuers have overtaken her between her oppressors.

Contemporary English Version
The people of Judah are slaves, suffering in a foreign land, with no rest from sorrow. Their enemies captured them and were terribly cruel.

Douay-Rheims Bible
Ghimel. Juda hath removed her dwelling place because of her affliction, and the greatness of her bondage: she hath dwelt among the nations, and she hath found no rest: all her persecutors have taken her in the midst of straits.

English Revised Version
Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude; she dwelleth among the heathen, she findeth no rest: all her persecutors overtook her within the straits.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"Judah has been exiled after [much] suffering and harsh treatment. Its [people] live among the nations; they find no rest. Those who chased them caught up with them in places where there was no way out.

Good News Translation
Judah's people are helpless slaves, forced away from home. They live in other lands, with no place to call their own--Surrounded by enemies, with no way to escape.

International Standard Version
Judah has gone into exile to escape affliction and servitude. She that sat among the nations, has found no rest. All her pursuers overtook her amid narrow passes.

JPS Tanakh 1917
Judah is gone into exile because of affliction, And because of great servitude; She dwelleth among the nations, She findeth no rest; All her pursuers overtook her Within the straits.

Literal Standard Version
Removed has Judah because of affliction, | And because of the abundance of her service; She has dwelt among nations, | She has not found rest, | All her pursuers have overtaken her between the straits.

Majority Standard Bible
Judah has gone into exile under affliction and harsh slavery; she dwells among the nations but finds no place to rest. All her pursuers have overtaken her in the midst of her distress.

New American Bible
Judah has gone into exile, after oppression and harsh labor; She dwells among the nations, yet finds no rest: All her pursuers overtake her in the narrow straits.

NET Bible
Judah has departed into exile under affliction and harsh oppression. She lives among the nations; she has found no resting place. All who pursued her overtook her in narrow straits.

New Revised Standard Version
Judah has gone into exile with suffering and hard servitude; she lives now among the nations, and finds no resting place; her pursuers have all overtaken her in the midst of her distress.

New Heart English Bible
Judah has gone into exile because of affliction and harsh servitude; she dwells among the nations, she finds no rest: all her persecutors overtook her in the midst of her distress.

Webster's Bible Translation
Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude: she dwelleth among the heathen, she findeth no rest: all her persecutors overtook her between the straits.

World English Bible
Judah has gone into captivity because of affliction and because of great servitude. She dwells among the nations. She finds no rest. All her persecutors overtook her in her distress.

Young's Literal Translation
Removed hath Judah because of affliction, And because of the abundance of her service; She hath dwelt among nations, She hath not found rest, All her pursuers have overtaken her between the straits.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
How Lonely Lies the City
2She weeps aloud in the night, with tears upon her cheeks. Among all her lovers there is no one to comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her; they have become her enemies. 3Judah has gone into exile under affliction and harsh slavery; she dwells among the nations but finds no place to rest. All her pursuers have overtaken her in the midst of her distress. 4The roads to Zion mourn, because no one comes to her appointed feasts. All her gates are deserted; her priests groan, her maidens grieve, and she herself is bitter with anguish.…

Cross References
Leviticus 26:36
As for those of you who survive, I will send a faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies, so that even the sound of a windblown leaf will put them to flight. And they will flee as one flees the sword, and fall when no one pursues them.

Leviticus 26:39
Those of you who survive in the lands of your enemies will waste away in their iniquity and will decay in the sins of their fathers.

Deuteronomy 28:64
Then the LORD will scatter you among all the nations, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your fathers have known.

Deuteronomy 28:65
Among those nations you will find no repose, not even a resting place for the sole of your foot. There the LORD will give you a trembling heart, failing eyes, and a despairing soul.

2 Kings 25:4
Then the city was breached; and though the Chaldeans had surrounded the city, all the men of war fled by night by way of the gate between the two walls near the king's garden. They headed toward the Arabah,

2 Kings 25:5
but the army of the Chaldeans pursued the king and overtook him in the plains of Jericho, and all his army was separated from him.

Jeremiah 13:19
The cities of the Negev have been shut tight, and no one can open them. All Judah has been carried into exile, wholly taken captive.


Treasury of Scripture

Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude: she dwells among the heathen, she finds no rest: all her persecutors overtook her between the straits.

gone

2 Kings 24:14,15
And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land…

2 Kings 25:11,21
Now the rest of the people that were left in the city, and the fugitives that fell away to the king of Babylon, with the remnant of the multitude, did Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carry away…

2 Chronicles 36:20,21
And them that had escaped from the sword carried he away to Babylon; where they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia: …

because of great servitude.

Lamentations 2:9
Her gates are sunk into the ground; he hath destroyed and broken her bars: her king and her princes are among the Gentiles: the law is no more; her prophets also find no vision from the LORD.

Leviticus 26:36-39
And upon them that are left alive of you I will send a faintness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies; and the sound of a shaken leaf shall chase them; and they shall flee, as fleeing from a sword; and they shall fall when none pursueth…

Deuteronomy 28:64-67
And the LORD shall scatter thee among all people, from the one end of the earth even unto the other; and there thou shalt serve other gods, which neither thou nor thy fathers have known, even wood and stone…

all

Lamentations 4:18,19
They hunt our steps, that we cannot go in our streets: our end is near, our days are fulfilled; for our end is come…

Jeremiah 16:16
Behold, I will send for many fishers, saith the LORD, and they shall fish them; and after will I send for many hunters, and they shall hunt them from every mountain, and from every hill, and out of the holes of the rocks.

Jeremiah 52:8
But the army of the Chaldeans pursued after the king, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho; and all his army was scattered from him.

Jump to Previous
Abundance Affliction Attackers Captivity Dwelleth Dwells Dwelt Exile Findeth Finds Found Great Hard Harsh Heathen Judah Labor Midst Nations Overtaken Overtook Persecutors Prisoner Pursue Pursuers Removed Rest Resting Service Servitude Straits Within Work
Jump to Next
Abundance Affliction Attackers Captivity Dwelleth Dwells Dwelt Exile Findeth Finds Found Great Hard Harsh Heathen Judah Labor Midst Nations Overtaken Overtook Persecutors Prisoner Pursue Pursuers Removed Rest Resting Service Servitude Straits Within Work
Lamentations 1
1. The miseries of Jerusalem and of the Jews lamented
12. The attention of beholders demanded to this unprecedented case
18. The justice of God acknowledged, and his mercy supplicated.














(3) Because of affliction.--The Authorised version suggests the thought that the words refer to the voluntary emigration of those who went to Egypt and other countries (Jeremiah 42:14), to avoid the oppression to which they were subject in their own land. The Hebrew admits, however, of the rendering "from affliction," and so the words speak of the forcible deportation of the people from misery at home to a yet worse misery in Babylon as the land of their exile. Even there they found no "rest" (Deuteronomy 28:65) Their persecutors hunted them down to the "straits" from which no escape was possible.

Verse 3. - Is gone into captivity because of affliction; rather, is gone into exile, etc. The poet is not thinking of the deportation of the captives, but of those Jews who sought refuge for themselves in foreign lands (comp. Jeremiah 40:11). An objection has been raised to this view that the number of fugitive Jews would not be large enough to warrant their being called "Judah." But we might almost as well object on a similar ground to the application of the term "Judah" to the Jews who were carried to Babylon. The truth may, perhaps, be that, after the fall of Jerusalem, the Jewish nation became split up into three parts:

(1) the Jews who succeeded in escaping into Egypt or elsewhere;

(2) those who were carried captive;

(3) the mass of the common people, who remained on their native soil, Keil, however, retains the view of the Authorized Version, only substituting "out of" for "because of." "Out of" the misery into which the Jews had been brought by the invasions of Necho and Nebuchadnezzar they passed into the new misery of captivity. Among the heathen; rather, among the nations. Between the straits. The phrase is peculiar, and reminds us of Psalm 118:5, "Out of the strait I called unto thee." "A strait," or narrow place, clearly means adversity, just as "a large place" (Psalm 118:5) means prosperity.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Judah
יְהוּדָ֤ה (yə·hū·ḏāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3063: Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites

has gone into exile
גָּֽלְתָ֨ה (gā·lə·ṯāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1540: To denude, to exile, to reveal

under affliction
מֵעֹ֙נִי֙ (mê·‘ō·nî)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6040: Affliction, poverty

and harsh
וּמֵרֹ֣ב (ū·mê·rōḇ)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 7230: Multitude, abundance, greatness

slavery;
עֲבֹדָ֔ה (‘ă·ḇō·ḏāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5656: Work of any kind

she
הִ֚יא (hî)
Pronoun - third person feminine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

dwells
יָשְׁבָ֣ה (yā·šə·ḇāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

among the nations
בַגּוֹיִ֔ם (ḇag·gō·w·yim)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 1471: A foreign nation, a Gentile, a troop of animals, a flight of locusts

but finds
מָצְאָ֖ה (mā·ṣə·’āh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 4672: To come forth to, appear, exist, to attain, find, acquire, to occur, meet, be present

no
לֹ֥א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

place to rest.
מָנ֑וֹחַ (mā·nō·w·aḥ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4494: A resting place, state or condition of rest

All
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

her pursuers
רֹדְפֶ֥יהָ (rō·ḏə·p̄e·hā)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 7291: To pursue, chase, persecute

have overtaken her
הִשִּׂיג֖וּהָ (hiś·śî·ḡū·hā)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural | third person feminine singular
Strong's 5381: To reach, overtake

in the midst
בֵּ֥ין (bên)
Preposition
Strong's 996: An interval, space between

of her distress.
הַמְּצָרִֽים׃ (ham·mə·ṣā·rîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 4712: Something tight, trouble


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OT Prophets: Lamentations 1:3 Judah is gone into captivity because (Lam. La Lm)
Lamentations 1:2
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